Over the last few decades pharmaceutical scientists throughout the world are trying to explore transdermal and transmucosal routes as an alternative to injections. The main impediment for the oral delivery of the drugs as potential therapeutic agents is their extensive pre-systemic metabolism, instability in acidic environment associated with inadequate and erratic oral absorption. The parenteral route is the only established route that overcomes all the drawbacks related with the orally inefficient drugs. However the parenteral formulations are expensive, need frequent administration, with less patient compliance and other harmful effects. Since ancient times oral transmucosal drug delivery has received intensive interest for the systemic delivery of drugs proved to have better systemic bioavailability achieved by oromucosal route. Oral mucosal drug delivery provides an alternative method of systemic drug delivery which offers many advantages for both parenterals and oral methods. The oral mucosa is highly vascularised, hence drugs which are absorbed through the oral mucosa directly enter into the systemic circulation, bypassing the enzymes present in the gastrointestinal tract and first-pass metabolism in the liver. The various transmucosal sites available are sublingual and buccal, but also the soft-palatal mucosa was found to be the most convenient and easily accessible novel site for the delivery of therapeutic agents for systemic delivery as retentive dosage forms. It has adequate blood supply, rapid cellular recovery time after exposure to stress, flexible, smooth surface, devoid of mechanical irritation, local discomfort and non-invasive route. Recently soft palate route explore more attention towards the scientist as an alternative to buccal route for administering drugs using mucoadhesive drug delivery dosage forms. This review focuses the more recent advances in novel soft palate route and formulation strategies to design dosage forms to administer drug through this novel soft palate route.
Epilepsy is a central nervous system disorder (neurological disorder) in which the nerve cell activity in the brain becomes disrupted, causing unprovoked, recurrent seizures or unusual behavior, sensations or even unconsciousness. In this research work, Pregablin selected as a molecule for designing a emulgel using novel bio-functional agent and compared with standard polymer. This can be overcome by minimizing the dose and sideeffects of API molecule used for various routes. The Pregablin loaded emulgel was prepared using novel bio-functional agent isolated from fruit pulp of Musa acuminata and with standard polymer (sodium alginate) with different ratios. The prepared formulations were evaluated for pH stability studies, % entrapment efficacy, in-vitro drug release and stability studies. The prepared emulgel was subjected to the best formulation based on comparison of above mentioned evaluation parameters, FM2 formulation was found to be the best formulation showing an R 2 value of 0.9487, T50% of 23.52 h and T80% of 60.22 h respectively. According to the release kinetics, the best fit model was Peppas Korsmeyer with Fickian Diffusion (Higuchi Matrix) as the mechanism of drug release. Musa acuminata provided the excellent stability for the formulation. The results revealed that, uaing Musa acuminata as biofunctional agent was safe and compatible with drug, so Pregablin loaded emulgel can be more affective for brain targeting upon trans-cranial administration.
Background and Aims: The main aim of the study was to enhance the cognitive function of the brain by nootropic herbal formulations in animal models. Polyphyto herbal formulations were known to enhance the cognition and memory function by several pathways such as anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and cell signaling pathways. In this study, six formulations were prepared by mixing specified plant parts and were coded as NHF1, NHF2, NHF3, NHF4, NHF5, and NHF6. Methods: The potency of the formulations was assessed by In vivo (photo actometer, rod walking test, pole climbing test, and Ellman's acetylcholinesterase test) studies. Results: NHF1 and NHF5 exhibited greater activity than the standard drug donepezil in vivo (Ellman's acetylcholinesterase test) analysis. NHF1 and NHF5 formulations containing plant parts were further investigated against several published literatures for the identification of chemical constituents and those chemical constituents were subjected to molecular docking and in silico ADME prediction studies to figure out the possible compounds responsible for the cholinesterase inhibition activity. Conclusion: In conclusion, the computational studies also reveal that presence of chemical constituents such as sarsasapogenin (13.13 nM), racemosol (16.26 nM), and beta-sitosterol (30.47 nM) having binding energy (-10.75 kcal/mol), (-10.63 kcal/mol), (-10.25 kcal/mol), might be directly responsible for the nootropic activity.
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