The industrial internet of things (IIoT) is growing at an exponential rate generating massive amounts of industrial data. This data must be leveraged to support business and operational goals. As a result, there is an urgent need for adopting big data technologies to enable data analytics in industrial automation. This paper explores interrelations between IIoT and big data technologies and how they work together to generate business insights from industrial data. Additionally, requirements for cloud-based solutions are derived from the Industrie 4.0 use case scenario value-based-services, focusing on condition monitoring and predictive maintenance services. A survey of selected cloud-based platforms is conducted to examine how these platforms meet the requirements derived from the use case. Results show that existing general cloud platforms should adopt more IIoT applications and platforms, while existing industrial cloud platforms should add big data frameworks to their portfolio. Finally, an architecture for integrating cloudbased IIoT and big data solutions is introduced and issues regarding the use of public cloud for IIoT applications are discussed.
The Smart Factory Web (SFW) is a platform that connects Smart Factories over a network to enable flexible sharing and management of resources, assets and inventory to maximize production and efficiency. In order to become part of the Smart Factory Web, network participants describe not only their products, but also the factory capabilities to order to improve factory-to-factory collaboration. A Smart Factory Web Portal (SFWP) enables secure data and service integration in cross-site application scenarios as well as 'plug & work' functions for devices, machines, and data analytics software by applying industrial standards, Open Platform Communications Unified Architecture (OPC UA), and Automation Markup Language (AutomationML or AML for short).OPC UA serves as a comprehensive and secure communication protocol from the machine level into the cloud. A Cloud Coupler on the shop floor publishes the availability of a factory and selected process data in the SFWP. Customers or even smart machines can use this information to make decisions for placing an order and track their orders in real time. In order to simplify the setup of the connection to the cloud and minimize the commissioning time the cloud coupler also aggregates all OPC UA servers on devices in the factory into a single OPC UA aggregated server address space.In this paper an architecture is proposed which uses cloud coupler and plug and work techniques to make a new or retrofit factory available in a SFW to share capability information towards a new marketplace for manufacturing. It is shown that the integration efforts are decreased but also the use of standards reduces the effort to define interfaces.
The paper describes a reference architecture for open marketplaces to be used for networked stakeholders in industrial production ecosystems. The motivation for such an endeavor comes from the idea to apply the basic principle of the platform economy to offer functions of an asset “as a service” to industrial production, including the associated supply chain networks. Currently, commercial offers of “production as a service” usually lead to proprietary systems with the risk of platform vendor lock-ins. Hence, there is a need for an open approach that relies upon international (emerging) standards, especially those from IETF, IEC, the Plattform Industrie 4.0 and the International Data Spaces Association (IDSA). The presented approach enables federation of marketplaces according to well-defined interfaces. This article proposes a technology-independent open architecture derived from functional and non-functional system requirements and driven by the idea of the Smart Factory Web, a testbed of the Industrial Internet Consortium (IIC). Furthermore, the architecture of the Smart Factory Web (SFW) platform is presented and assessed against the current and future demands of open federated marketplaces for industrial production ecosystems.
In the industrial automation a paradigm shift from centralized, static automation structures to reconfigurable manufacturing systems (RMS) might be lie ahead. RMS are seen as a key enabler for the required changeability of future production companies since they can reduce the engineering effort needed for the reconfiguration of existing or the construction of new production systems. However, it is not clear how the companies can benefit from RMS in detail. For example, the reduction of engineering effort cannot be expressed in figures by today. But such information is necessary to convince the industry of the advantages of the new production principle. Indeed, existing RMS paradigms like Service-Oriented Architectures are rarely used in the practice of automation. The basis for analyzing the advantages of RMS is an analysis of the status quo in the industrial automation. Regarding the engineering effort of current automation systems, this paper will present a case study considering the effort occurring during the commissioning process of a production system constructed by state-of-the-art components. The evaluation of the study can serve as a reference when comparing the engineering effort of RMS with today's systems
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