We propose a test circuit for characterizing PlasmaInduced Damage (PID) based on a ring oscillator array for collecting high-quality BTI statistics. Two types of ring oscillators, PID protected and PID damaged, with built-in antenna structures were designed to separate PID from other effects. A beat frequency (BF) detection scheme was adopted to achieve high frequency measurement precision (>0.01%) in a short measurement time (>1μs) to prevent unwanted BTI recovery. The proposed circuit enables accurate PID-induced BTI lifetime prediction with different Antenna Ratios (ARs) in any type of device with any topology of antenna structure under any fabrication process. Measured frequency statistics from a 65nm test chip shows a 1.15% shift in the average frequency as a result of PID.
Background: Histopathological examination of renal biopsy has an important role in establishing glomerular disease in children. Objective: To describe and correlate the types of glomerular diseases reported in native kidney biopsy and their clinical presentations.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.