Context: Use of information technology hardware given new heights to professional success rate and saves time but on the other hand its harmful effect has introduced an array of health related complaints causing hazards for our human health. Increased use of computers has led to an increase in the number of patients with ocular complaints which are being grouped together as computer vision syndrome (CVS). In view of that, this study was undertaken to find out the ocular complaints and the factors contributing to occurrence of such problems in computer users. Aims:To evaluate the factors contributing to Ocular complaints in computer users in Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, U.P. India. Settings and Design:Community-based cross-sectional study of 150 subjects who work on computer for varying period of time in Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh. Materials and Methods:Two hundred computer operators working in different institutes offices and bank of were selected randomly in Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, and Uttar Pradesh. 16 were non responders 18 did not come for assessment and 16 were excluded due to complaints prior to computer use making no response rate Twenty-one did not participate in the study, making the no response rate 25%. Rest of the subjects (n = 150) were asked to fill a pre-tested questionnaire, after obtaining their verbal consent Depending on the average hours of usage in a day, they were categorized into three categories viz. <2 hrs, 2-6 hrs, >6 hrs of usage. All the responders were asked to come to the Ophthalmic OPD for further interview and assessment. Statistical Analysis Used:Simple proportions and Chi-square test.Results: Among the 150 subjects studied major ocular complaint reported in descending order were eyestrain. (53%). Occurrence of eye strain, ( 53.8%), itching ( 47.6%) and burning (66.7%) in subjects using computer for more than 6 hours. distance from computer screen with respect to eyes, use of antiglare screen, taking frequent breaks, use of LCD monitor and adjustment of brightness of monitor screen bear a significant association with these ocular complaints in computer users. Conclusions:Eye strain is the most common ocular complaints among computer users working for more than 6 hours a day. We also found that maintaining ideal distance from screen, keeping level of eyes above the top of screen, taking frequent breaks, using LCD monitors and using antiglare screen and adjusting brightness levels according to workplace reduced these ocular complaints to a significant level.Smita agarWal, DiShanter goel, anShu Sharma

Abstract.To better understand the size-segregated chemical composition of aged organic aerosols in the western North Pacific rim, day-and night-time aerosol samples were collected in Sapporo, Japan during summer 2005 using an Andersen impactor sampler with 5 size bins: D p <1.1, 1.1-2.0, 2.0-3.3, 3.3-7.0, >7.0 µm. Samples were analyzed for the molecular composition of dicarboxylic acids, ketoacids, α-dicarbonyls, and sugars, together with water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC) and inorganic ions. Based on the analyses of backward trajectories and chemical tracers, we found that during the campaign, air masses arrived from Siberia (a biomass burning source region) on 8-9 August, from China (an anthropogenic source region) on 9-10 August, and from the East China Sea/Sea of Japan (a mixed source receptor region) on 10-11 August. Most of the diacids, ketoacids, dicarbonyls, levoglucosan, WSOC, and inorganic ions (i.e., SO 2− 4 , NH + 4 and K + ) were enriched in fine particles (PM 1.1 ) whereas Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ and Cl − peaked in coarse sizes (>1.1 µm). Interestingly, OC, most sugar compounds and NO

Increasing severity of CKD is associated with progressive cognitive decline and this may have important clinical consequences.

Objective This study aimed to study the role of oropharyngeal administration of colostrum (OAC) in very-low-birth-weight infants for reducing necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Study Design In this randomized controlled trial, 117 infants were enrolled, 59 were randomized to OAC group and 58 to routine care group. Infants with birth weight ≤ 1,250 g and/or gestational age ≤ 30 weeks were enrolled. Infants in OAC group received maternal colostrum (0.2 mL), 0.1 mL on either side, after 24 hours of postnatal life and were given every 2 hour for the next 72 hours irrespective of the enteral feeding status of the neonate. The primary outcome of the study was the incidence of NEC (stage 2 or 3). Results Baseline characteristics were comparable between the two groups. There was no significant reduction in the incidence of NEC in OAC group (0 [0%] vs. 3 [7.1%]; p = 0.11). There was significant reduction of 7 days of hospital stay in OAC group (34.2 ± 5.7 vs. 41.5 ± 6.7 days; p = 0.04).The incidence of early-onset sepsis, late-onset sepsis, blood culture positive sepsis, and ventilator-associated pneumonia were comparable between the two groups. Conclusion OAC is safe and reduces the duration of hospital stay.

We describe a prototype Context Aware Perioperative Information System to capture and interpret data in an operating room of the future. The captured data is used to construct the context of the surgical procedure and detect medically significant events. Such events, and other state information, are used to automatically construct an Electronic Medical Encounter Record (EMR). The EMR records and correlates significant medical data and video streams with an inferred higher-level event model of the surgery. Information from sensors such as Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags provides basic context information including the presence of medical staff, devices, instruments and medication in the operating room (OR). Patient monitoring systems and sensors such as pulse oximeters and anesthesia machines provide continuous streams of physiological data. These low level data streams are processed to generate higher-level primitive events, such as a nurse entering the OR. A hierarchical knowledge-based event detection system correlates primitive events, patient data and workflow data to infer high-level events, such as the onset of anesthesia. The resulting EMR provides medical staff with a permanent record of the surgery that can be used for subsequent evaluation and training. The system can also be used to detect potentially significant errors. It seeks to automate some of the tasks done by nursing staff today that detracts from their ability to attend to the patient.

No abstract

This prospective observational study describes the rates of nosocomial infections (NI), the sites of infection, the pathogens involved, their antibiogram and the risk factors at a tertiary care hospital in northern India. In 62 of the 182 enrolled patients 95 episodes of NI were recorded (incidence rate 28.6/1000 person days): pneumonia (77%); urinary tract infection (24%) and blood stream infection (24%). All isolates of Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas and Klebsiella and 83.3% of Escherichia coli were resistant to the third generation cephalosporins. An increased duration of the time spent in intensive care units and days of intervention were associated with incident NI.

Malignant chondroid syringoma (MCS) is a rare tumor, of the sweat gland; only a few hundred such cases are reported in literature. A female presented with a subcutaneous swelling on the scalp with repeated recurrence and positive regional lymph nodes. Adequate planning for the treatment of this case was possible as preoperative diagnosis of MCS was documented by fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). The case was successfully managed with a multimodal approach, which included radical surgery and subsequent radiotherapy. The patient is symptom free after 25 months. The possibility of this type tumor should be entertained when multiple recurrences occur following adequate excision. FNAC has a definitive role in planning rational therapy.