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Present work investigated the degradation of phenol based on theoretical knowledge of bubble dynamic and experimental studies. Optimum parameters of theoretical knowledge such as initial concentration of phenol: 1.1 mole/L; concentration of additive: 2 g/L; liquid medium temperature: 35°C and pressure of liquid medium: 101325 Pa were considered for the experimental study. The degradation was further explored in the presence of zinc oxide (effect of particle size), hydrogen peroxide (effect on hydroxyl radical concentration), and sodium chloride (effect of a change in liquid properties) and its effect on degradation of phenol. The degradation of phenol increased in the presence catalyst such as 0.61±0.013 moles L

The present study focuses and assures the need for pesticide degradation from various water bodies used for irrigation and the available technologies to treat them effectively. A thorough review of the literature is done on pesticide residues present in various irrigation water sources like rivers, groundwater, river sediments, and soil which signifies the existence of pesticides in the ecosystem.This indicates the severity of water pollution due to various sources around and their adverse effect on the ecosystem. However, several technologies are available to treat these pesticides based on the classification. A Cross comparison between the technologies is done to determine the efficient technology for the treatment of irrigation water.

India Mark-II hand pump was successfully modified in the present study so as it can serve as an efficient tool for the disinfection of the borewell water. This modified Hand Pump works on the principle of hydrodynamic cavitation, which can potentially disrupt the bacteria and fungi rendering them unviable. The reduction in organic carbon was also found in the borewell water. However hydrodynamic cavitation technology was induced first time in the hand pump for the disinfection of groundwater. Several field trials were carried out at different field locations in Maharashtra, India to validate the modifications of this novel technology. This modification does not require any additional energy to purify the water and is found to have yielded > 90% water disinfection. The third-party analysis was carried out from NABL certified microbiological laboratories which showed that all Gram negative pathogens were successfully destroyed. Therefore, the people who rely on hand pumps across the world for groundwater pumping will be able to access quality potable water and can be rescued from pathogen-based waterborne diseases. Hand pump cavitation will be a water disinfection milestone in the emerging era of ecologically benign, innovative, and cost-effective rural water disinfection technology.