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Anestrus is a functional disorder of reproductive cycle in cattle and buffalo which is characterized by absence of overt signs of estrus and also affecting the livestock enterprise to a great extent. Incidence of anestrus is more in buffalo than the cattle, and problem is severe during summer. Anestrus is a multifactorial problem but its occurrence signals the inadequate nutrition, environmental stress, uterine pathology and improper managemental practices. It can be classified based on physiological and pathological conditions of the animals. Diagnosis is based on the exploration of the different causative factors involved in. Many therapeutic agents (hormonal and non hormonal) have been used, however, as such there is no single panacea to correct it. Though, recruitment and emergence of follicular wave is usually not affected, the derangement in subsequent growth and development and ovulation of dominant follicle leads to anovulatory anestrus. In order to achieve efficient management strategies, further research is needed for better understanding of its etiology, diagnosis and therapeutics. All copyrights reserved to Nexus® academic publishers

We propose that, the patients of AUVs, if not excessively delayed for treatment are otherwise well in terms of general condition as opposed to patients of posterior urethral valves. The diagnosis is easily established by VCUG and the severity is revealed by a sonogram. Open surgical excision is the method of choice for patients with a urethral diverticulum; however, cystoscopic fulguration is also feasible in selected patients. The outcome is excellent with minimal morbidity and mortality.