Introduction: Microplastics have become a pollution problem that has received worldwide attention. Microplastics in the water impact the environment and health, especially in Indonesia, which is the second-largest plastic waste contributor in the world. This literature study aims to determine the distribution of microplastics pollution in waters and its impact on health and the environment in Indonesia.Methods: The literature search on papers from 2010-2021 through Google Scholar, Pubmed, ScienceDirect, and ProQuest, with the keywords of ‘Microplastics’, ‘Indonesia’, ‘aquatic’, ‘environment’ found 477 articles. Then, after the exclusion of duplicate articles, and other inclusion criteria, the final review was done on 42 articles. PRISMA guidelines were used for reviewing the procedure.Results: Most microplastic research was conducted in Java Island, which is dominated by rivers and beaches. Based on the source, microplastics came from domestic waste, tourism, and fishing activities. The most common forms found were black and blue fibers from fishing lines, nets, and clothing fibers of various sizes. The type of polymer identified is polyethylene plastic. Microplastics impacted tourist destinations, marine ecosystems through the food chain, and also humans who consume seafood.Conclusion: Microplastics are found in the Indonesian marine environment. Humans can consume seafood contaminated with microplastics, which will have an impact on health. Therefore, a health risk assessment should be done to provide information for taking environmental management efforts.
Penyakit Tuberkulosis Paru dari tahun ke tahun meningkat dan sebagian masih perlu pengobatan lanjutan artinya tingkat kesembuhan belum mencapai 100%. Penyakit ini dapat disembuhkan kalau penderita teratur dan patuh minum Obat Anti Tuberkulosis (OAT). Peneltian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui fakto pendidikan, faktor pengetahuan dan faktor sikap pada penderita TB paru terhadap kepatuhan minum Obat Anti Tuberculosis (OAT) pada pasien TB paru di Puskesmas Jatisawit indramayu. Sampel terdiri dari 43 orang dengan metode total sampling. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis unvariat dan analisis bivariat dengan uji chi-square. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan maka dapat dilihat hubungan sabagai berikut (1) Tidak ada hubungan antara pendidikan dengan kepatuhan minum OAT (p-Value 0,082, p > 0,05); (2) Ada hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan kepatuhan minum OAT (p-Value 0,012, p < 0,05) dan (3) ada hubungan antara sikap dengan kepatuhan minum OAT (p-Value 0,040, p < 0,05). Perlu dilakukan penyuluhan, monitoring dan evaluasi secara rutin dan berkala; meningkatkan kerjasama dan kemitraan dengan instsnsi pemerintah dan swasta yang memiliki konsen tehadap penyakit TB paru serta memberi motivasi terhadap penderita TB paru.
BACKGROUND: Microplastics are able to enter the human body through food chains, personal care products, contact (skin) from the soil, water or inhalation of microplastics in the air. AIM: This article aims to identify the presence of microplastics that are exposed to humans. METHODS: Systematic review using four bibliographic databases (Google Scholar, Wiley Online Library, PubMed, and Science Direct). Literature search from 2016 to 2021, in the search found as many as 10983 papers extracted using PRISMA guidelines, a total of five papers were selected for review. RESULTS: In this review article, the presence of oral, dermal, and inhalation exposed microplastics is found in feces, colon, placenta, scalp hair, hand skin, facial skin, and saliva. Several methods are used to identify microplastics according to polymer types, shape, and sizes microplastics in humans. The polymer type often found in the article is polypropylene. In addition, fibers, fragments and films are detectable shape of microplastic, while the size of microplastics >5 mm. CONCLUSION: This literature study provides evidence that microplastics of various types of polymers, shapes and sizes are ubiquitous in humans. Hence, the possibility of health risks resulting from microplastic exposure in the human body should not be ignored.
Kelelahan kerja merupakan kondisi melemahnya tenaga untuk melakukan suatu pekerjaan. Kelelahan kerja dapat menimbulkan efek yang buruk bagi kesehatan para pekerja. Kelelahan dapat disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor diantaranya beban kerja dan status gizi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui Hubungan Status Gizi dengan Kelelahan Kerja Pada Pekerja di SPBE Indramayu Tahun 2017”. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional, teknik yang digunakan dalam pengambilan sampel adalah purposive sampling. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah pekerja bagian operator loading di SPBE Indramayu yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi, sebanyak 39 orang pekerja. Data mengenai kelelahan kerja diukur dengan menggunakan kuesioner 30-item gejala kelelahan umum IFRC. Uji statistik menggunakan uji Fisher Exact Test. Hasil penelitian diperoleh nilai status gizi pekerja dengan p-value 0,005 dengan nilai Spearman Correlation (SC) = 0,485. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa Ho ditolak, artinya menunjukan ada hubungan antara status gizi dengan kelelahan kerja pada pekerja di SPBE Indramayu Tahun 2017. Para pekerja sebaiknya mengonsumsi makanan yang bergizi seimbang dan memaksimalkan waktu istirahat.
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