Objective To verify the effects of gender and physical activity on postural sway. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted to analyze upright balance of young men and women between the ages of 20-30, both active and sedentary. Study participants were 60 individuals, who were divided into: active women (n = 15), sedentary women (n = 15), active men (n = 15) and sedentary men (n = 15). The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) short form, was used to evaluate each participant’s level of physical activity. According to the questionnaire, active individuals are those who carry out moderate activity, with an energy expenditure between 3.5 and 6 METs (1 MET: 3.5 ml/kg/min), or vigorous activity, with an energy expenditure above 6 METs, at least three days a week for 20 minutes. To assess control of postural sway, we measured the amplitude and velocity of anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) sway in standing position, with their eyes open and closed, with and without foam, on a force platform. Results Comparison between genders revealed that, when compared to sedentary women, sedentary men displayed poorer performance in velocity and amplitude of AP postural control sway with their eyes closed, with and without foam. There were no differences in the amplitude and velocity of ML sway, both with open and closed eyes among groups (p < 0.05). There were no differences when comparing physically active men and women either. Conclusion Sedentary men seem to rely more on vision for maintaining postural control in quiet standing situations with respect to women.

Objective: to characterize the sociodemographic profile of elderly persons with arthritis/rheumatism in relation to gender, as well as to estimate the prevalence and factors associated with functional disability for the performance of instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). Method: a cross-sectional population-based study with a sample of 1,136 elderly persons (≥65 years old) from seven Brazilian municipal regions was carried out. Functional capacity was assessed by the self-reports of the elderly in terms of the performance of IADL, using the Lawton Scale. Differences between the genders, according to sociodemographic variables, were verified by the chi-squared test (p<0.05). The prevalence of inability to perform IADL was calculated and the independent associations were verified through multiple logistic regression. Results: the mean age was 72.4 years, 79.1% of the sample were women, and 45.9% of the elderly with arthritis/rheumatism were dependent for the performance of IADL. Differences were observed between the genders in relation to age, marital status, income and household arrangements (p<0.05). A higher prevalence of disability was observed among older elderly persons, those with no schooling and lower incomes, who lived in multigenerational households and who were frail. In the evaluation of the performance of specific activities, elderly persons with arthritis/rheumatism had greater difficulty taking medication (OR: 1,90; CI 95%: 1.19 - 3.06), after adjusting for gender and age. Conclusion: associations were found between functional disability and sociodemographic variables and frailty. Independence in daily activities such as those evaluated in this study is one of the primary conditions for the well-being of the elderly, even in conditions of frailty or chronic diseases.

BackgroundLow back pain (LBP) is the most frequent complaint in clinical practice. Electroacupuncture treatment may be effective; however, the supporting evidence is still limited, especially in older adults.ObjectiveThe current study is a randomized controlled trial that aims to evaluate the clinical efficacy of electroacupuncture in older adults with LBP.MethodsA five-arm randomized controlled trial with patients and evaluators blinded to the group allocation. A total of 125 participants with non-specific LBP will be randomly assigned into one of five groups: three electroacupuncture groups (low, high, and alternating frequency); one control group; and one placebo group. The electroacupuncture will be applied twice a week (30 min per session) for five weeks. The primary clinical outcome measure will be pain intensity. The secondary outcomes include: quality of pain; physical functioning; perceived overall effect; emotional functionality; patient satisfaction; and psychosocial factors. Patients will be evaluated before the first session, immediately after the last, and followed up after six and 12 months to check the medium- and long-term effects.DiscussionAlthough electroacupuncture is increasingly used to treat LBP, there is no guidance regarding the parameters used, which leads to inconsistent results. Thus, the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on LBP remains controversial and requires more studies, especially in the older adult population.ConclusionThis is the first randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of different frequencies of electroacupuncture for treating chronic LBP in older adults. This study will provide evidence on the effectiveness of electroacupuncture as an alternative treatment method for LBP and will entail wider debate about an appropriate acupuncture intervention in this population.Trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov, NCT03802045. Registered on 14 January 2019.

Introduction: The high prevalence of rheumatic diseases and the countless adverse effects caused in the individual make them a great challenge for governments and healthcare systems worldwide. Objective: To assess the prevalence of rheumatic diseases in the elderly and their relationship with some biopsychosocial variables. Method: This is a cross-sectional population-based study whose data were obtained from the FIBra Study electronic database, developed in the 2008-2009 period and involving 2,593 individuals older than 65 years who lived in urban areas. Results: We found that rheumatic diseases have a prevalence of 43.5% in the elderly sample, with mean age of 72.3 years old and predominance of females. The biopsychosocial variables more strongly associated with rheumatic diseases were: chronic diseases (52.1%); depressive symptoms (56.7%); regular (48.5%), poor or very poor (52.3%) health self-evaluation; report of one (49.7%) or more (62.7%) cases of falls; and obesity (57.0%). Conclusion: We found a high prevalence of rheumatic diseases in the elderly population and a close relationship of these with the individual's biopsychosocial variables, and given the world population ageing, the scenario is worsened in the public healthcare and thus strategies for prevention and early treatment of these diseases should be implemented urgently.

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BACKGROUND Low back pain is the most frequent complaint in the clinical practice. Electroacupuncture treatment may be effective, however, the evidence supporting this possibility is still limited, especially in older adults. OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the therapeutic effect of different frequencies of electroacupuncture for chronic low back pain in older adults. METHODS A five-arm randomized controlled trial with patients and evaluators blinded to the group allocation. A total of 125 participants with non-specific low back pain will be randomly assigned into one of five groups: three electroacupuncture groups (low, high and alternating frequency), a control and a placebo group. The electroacupuncture will be applied twice a week (30 minutes per session) for 5 weeks. The primary clinical outcome will be pain intensity. The secondary outcomes include: quality of pain, physical functioning, perceived overall effect, emotional functionality, patient satisfaction and psychosocial factors. Patients will be evaluated before the first session, immediately after the last, and followed-up after 6 and 12 months to check the effects in the medium and long term. RESULTS We will recruit 125 participants with non-specific low back pain from January 2019 to October 2019 or until the recruitment process is complete. The final follow-up will be completed in October 2020. We expect all trial results to be available by the end of 2020. CONCLUSIONS This is the first randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of different frequencies of electroacupuncture for chronic low back pain in older adults. We expect to screen a dominant electroacupuncture frequency on low back pain management in treatment groups than control or placebo group. The findings from this study will provide data to improve outcomes for those who traditionally rely on the acupuncture for low back pain care and will entail wider debate about an appropriate acupuncture intervention in this population. CLINICALTRIAL https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03802045

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