Differences in location and rhizosphere cause differences in species diversity and population of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF). In addition, not all AMF have the same morphological and physiological characteristics, therefore it is very important to know their identity. This study aims to determine the presence and number of spores as well as to determine the morphological characteristics of AMF originating from the rhizosphere of several horticultural crops in the agricultural land of Payakumbuh State Agricultural Polytechnic. The method used in this research is descriptive exploratory method by means of purposive sampling for soil sampling. While the stages of this research include: taking and collecting data in the field, determining the point of location for soil sampling, taking soil samples, analyzing soil properties in the laboratory, isolating AMF spores and identifying AMF spores morphologically. The conclusions of this study are 1) The population of AMF spores in horticultural land is high. The highest spore population was found in soil samples of the root area of shallot plants (556 spores per 10 g of soil), while the lowest number of spores was in soil samples of eggplant root areas (271 spores per 10 g of soil), 2) AMF exploration in several horticultural crops in the agricultural land of the Payakumbuh State Agricultural Polytechnic, based on morphological identification (shape, color and size), the AMF found consisted of three genera, namely Glomus sp, Gigaspora sp, and Scutelospora sp.
Produk hortikultura memiliki beberapa keunggulan seperti nilai jual yang tinggi, jenis yang beragam, dan peningkatan serapan pasar dalam dan luar negeri dalam bentuk segar maupun olahan. Peningkatan produksi komoditas hortikultura agar dapat memenuhi kriteria ekspor masih menghadapi beberapa kendala teknis, seperti rendahnya produksi dan kualitas benih/bibit lokal. Peluang untuk pembangunan industri hortikultura di Indonesia itu masih cukup besar. Hal ini ditandai dengan mudahnya pengembangan industri perbenihan maupun pembibitan karena dukungan sumber daya alam dan sumber daya manusia yang memadai. Sasaran pembangunan industri perbenihan dan pembibitan adalah penyediaan benih yang bermutu dari varietas unggul dengan harganya terjangkau. Petani dapat menghasilkan hasil panen yang berkualitas dengan menggunakan benih maupun bibit hortikultura dengan harga yang terjangkau dari industri dalam negeri, sehingga pendapatan petani meningkat.
The Gunung Omeh citrus (Citrus nobilis Lour.) is one of the priority commodities in the agricultural sector of West Sumatra. It has been cultivated in several locations in Lima Puluh Kota Regency, one of which is Guguak District. Using various cultivation techniques the fruits produced are highly diverse phenotypically. The purpose of this study was to figure out the phenotypic diversity of Gn. Omeh citrus derived from Guguak District based on morphological characters. This study was conducted from April to October 2021. The research used a survey method and descriptive analysis. Ten samples of citrus plants were taken using a purposive sampling technique at each location in Guguak District. The morphological characters observed included those of the stem, leaf, and fruit. Data analysis was carried out by an analysis of genetic diversity. Results of the observation of quantitative characters showed that there were variations across the 5 locations observed. Meanwhile, the observation of qualitative characters showed a broad range of leaf and bud colors across 5 locations. Phenotypic diversity was due to genetic diversity, which in turn was caused by cultivation techniques and planting location altitudes.
This research has been conducted at the Experimental Farm of Agricultural Faculty of Andalas University, two districts in West Sumatera (Lima Puluh Kota and Agam) and the Laboratory of the Department of Agronomy and Horticulture Agricultural Faculty, Bogor. The purpose of this study was to determine the genetic diversity of the ramie plants collection Experimental Farm, Agricultural Faculty of Andalas University and exploration at two districts in West Sumatera. This research was conducted by molecular characterization, using RAPD markers (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) with 5 primers (OPF 4, OPF5, OPH7, OPX2, and OPX 17). The samples used were 4 clones of ramie plants (Padang 3, Ramindo, Matur and Situjuah) with 3 replications. Fragments were sized with reference to the size markers and scored (present/absent). The similarity coefficients calculated and dendograms produced using NTSYS software (version 2.02). From the results of the study the results of the similarity level coefficient were 0.56-0.78, and formed 2 large groups (I, II). M1 and M2 clones are in group I, while in groups II (IIa and IIb). Group IIa (R1, R2, R3, P3, M1) and Group IIb (S1, S2, S3, P1).
The purpose of this study was to determine the genetic diversity with similarity analysis of the ramie plant collection of Experimental Farm, Agricultural Faculty of Andalas University. This research was conducted employing morphological and molecular characterization. Morphological characterization of the ramie plant is done by observing the character 17 qualitative and 15 quantitative characters ramie plant. While the molecular characterization using RAPD markers (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) with ten primers. The results of morphological characters, which serve as distinguishing characteristics of the five clones, is the color of the leaf. The results of the qualitative character of phenotypic variance analysis of variability obtained plants with broad criteria contained in the 4-character observation (the color of the leaf petiole, the leaf color, flower color, and female sex flowers). Similarity analysis based on morphological characters is qualitatively classified into two groups with the degree of similarity coefficient from 0.34 to 0.75. Similarity analysis of qualitative and quantitative combined data grouped into two groups with the degree of similarity coefficient from 0.02 to 0.20. The similarity analysis based on molecular characters is grouped into two groups with a similarity coefficient level of 0.27 to 0.75.
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