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Purpose Nutritional status changes in breast cancer patients during treatment are prevalent, and those alterations can increase non-cancer-related comorbidities.  In addition, the metabolic implications of those alterations are poorly understood. We aimed to characterize body composition, lipids, glucose levels, and indices that express cardiovascular risk in breast cancer patients after completion of chemotherapy and then to compare those results with a matched control group. Methods A cross-sectional  study was performed. Women who completed their chemotherapy were recruited (BC group) and compared with a group of non-malignant age- and body mass index-matched (MC group), as well as a group of healthy, non-malignant women (HC group). Body composition by bioelectrical impedance analysis, handgrip strength, and blood sample were collected. Visceral adiposity, triglyceride glucose and lipid accumulation product indices were calculated. Food consumption was assessed. Results 88 women were included (BC=36, MC=36, HC=16). BC patients demonstrated worse values of phase angle, nutritional risk index, extracellular body water to total body water ratio and lower handgrip strength. Additionally, those women had impairments in lipids, worst glucose levels, visceral fat dysfunction and consequently higher cardiovascular risk, presenting important unhealthy dietary patterns with higher carbohydrate and caloric intake and insufficient protein and fiber ingestion. No differences were observed between MC and HC. Conclusion Breast cancer patients present unhealthy metabolic, nutritional, and dietetic features when compared to a group of age- and BMI-matched non-malignant females. Also, breast cancer patients had higher levels of cardiovascular risk. Further investigations are required to examine the underlying mechanisms and the potential longitudinal changes during surveillance time.

Purpose The study aimed to analyze the influence of chemotherapy on health biomarkers and examine the relationship between phase angle (PhA) and oxidative stress. Methods A prospective study was performed. Women who were starting chemotherapy were recruited. Also, this study included a control group of women without cancer. Bioelectrical impedance multiple-frequency (BIS) analysis, 24h food recall, and blood samples were collected at 2-time points: diagnosis (T0) and after one month of completion of therapy (T1) for the main study group and one-time point for the control group. T-tests or Mann-Whitney Wilcoxon Test was used to compare variables. Linear regression analysis was conducted to test if PhA is related to the dependent variables after adjusting for age and body mass index. Results 119 women were included (61 with breast cancer and 58 healthy). There was no difference between the groups concerning anthropometrics, fat mass, and fat-free mass. Breast cancer patients had a worsening in PhA (p<0.001) after chemotherapy completion. PhA was positive statistically correlated with extracellular water, albumin, and the antioxidant markers at both times. The linear model showed that PhA was significantly predicted by C reactive protein, 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Malondialdehyde (MDA), total body water/extracellular water, and body mass index fat mass. This model explained 58% of PhA variability (p<0.001). Conclusion Our findings show that PhA is an easy and affordable tool that correlates oxidative stress markers in breast cancer patients, regardless of age or body mass index.

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