Measuring joint range of motion is an important skill for many allied health professionals. While the Universal Goniometer is the most commonly utilised clinical tool for measuring joint range of motion, the evolution of smartphone technology and applications (apps) provides the clinician with more measurement options. However, the reliability and validity of these smartphones and apps is still somewhat uncertain. The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature regarding the intra- and inter-rater reliability and validity of smartphones and apps to measure joint range of motion. Eligible studies were published in English peer-reviewed journals with full text available, involving the assessment of reliability and/or validity of a non-videographic smartphone app to measure joint range of motion in participants >18 years old. An electronic search using PubMed, Medline via Ovid, EMBASE, CINAHL, and SPORTSDiscus was performed. The risk of bias was assessed using a standardised appraisal tool. Twenty-three of the eligible 25 studies exceeded the minimum 60% score to be classified as a low risk of bias, although 3 of the 13 criteria were not achieved in >50% of the studies. Most of the studies demonstrated adequate intra-rater or inter-rater reliability and/or validity for >50% of the range of motion tests across all joints assessed. However, this level of evidence appeared weaker for absolute (e.g. mean difference ± limit of agreement, minimal detectable change) than relative (e.g. intraclass correlation, correlation) measures; and for spinal rotation than spinal extension, flexion and lateral flexion. Our results provide clinicians with sufficient evidence to support the use of smartphones and apps in place of goniometers to measure joint motion. Future research should address some methodological limitations of the literature, especially including the inclusion of absolute and not just relative reliability and validity statistics.

After a sexual assault, forensic nurses, nurse practitioners, and physicians are called on to collect evidence, document any genital injuries, and testify about the significance of injuries. Recently, the scientific rigor of the research has been challenged in the courts.

The frequency of migraine headache was decreased with medical marijuana use. Prospective studies should be conducted to explore a cause-and-effect relationship and the use of different strains, formulations, and doses of marijuana to better understand the effects of medical marijuana on migraine headache treatment and prophylaxis.

Robust studies evaluating the safety and efficacy of quetiapine for the treatment of insomnia are lacking. Given its limited efficacy data, its adverse-effect profile, and the availability of agents approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of insomnia, quetiapine's benefit in the treatment of insomnia has not been proven to outweigh potential risks, even in patients with a comorbid labeled indication for quetiapine.

The objectives of this retrospective study were to examine the feasibility and characteristics that define successful implementation of a Clinical Pharmacy Specialist (CPS) telephonic hospital discharge follow-up quality improvement initiative, as well as the impact of this initiative. Adult patients who were discharged from a safety-net hospital between July 1, 2010 and June 30, 2011 and who were part of a patient-centered medical home were included in this quality improvement initiative. CPSs attempted to contact 470 patients; of those, 207 received the intervention and 263 did not. Patients in the contacted group were more likely to attend a hospital discharge follow-up appointment (66.2% vs. 44.5%, P<0.01) and had lower rates of 30-day readmission (22 vs. 52, P<0.01) compared to those who were not contacted. Institutions should consider allocating resources for pharmacist-managed posthospital discharge follow-up services because of the potential for positive clinical and financial impact.

Observational reports and clinical trial data suggest an association between GLP-1 agonist use and acute pancreatitis; however, additional clinical trial data and in-depth case report analysis are needed to further evaluate and verify this finding.

The effect on children of the murder of a parent by the other parent, uxoricide, is immediate and devastating. Usually in a single act, the child loses both parents, one to death and the other to the criminal justice system. This is a report on a qualitative study, with a sample of seven adults, designed to explore the experiences of these children as they grow to adulthood. The major themes developed in the data analysis include (1) a surprising lack of anger regarding the perpetrator, (2) intimate abuse in later personal relationships, and (3) a beginning description of paths to recovery.

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