How should firms reconcile their open innovation capabilities for incorporating external actors in innovations aimed at sustainable development?. Journal of cleaner production, 170, 950-965.

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Sustainable development has attracted the increasing attention of both researchers and practitioners. While academicians and practitioners' focus towards sustainability has shifted to innovation, there is a need to understand how sustainability and innovation are interlinked. Thus, this paper attempts to analyze, first, the bidirectional impact of the firms' pursuit of sustainability and innovation as the priority, second, the bidirectional impact of the adoption of sustainability innovation action programs and, third, to discern the bidirectional influence of sustainability and innovation performances. The evidence is drawn from a sample of 860 manufacturing plants in 22 countries from the sixth edition of the International Manufacturing Strategy Survey 2013. The survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire. Structural equation modelling has been employed to test the model. The results show that sustainability and innovation positively and significantly impact each other in terms of the adoption of their relevant action programs and performance. However, the pursuit of sustainability priority acts as an antecedent of innovation priority.

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The involvement of designers in the sustainable transition from linear to circular economy is crucial since they significantly contribute to the realization of products and services. In the FiberEUse project, a multiple-step approach to co-design was employed, starting with the definition of a first and second design brief in order to clarify the task objectives for designers. This was followed by the description of the co-design process, which aims to engage designers to contribute innovative design concepts for recycled composites. By publishing design concepts in the feedback collection software module Idea Manager, designers and users were able to exchange information, insights, visions, and thoughts digitally. The Idea Manager comprises a feedback collection tool that supports a first assessment of design concepts. Depending on the design briefing and/or confidentiality agreements, the feedback collection and the assessment can either be done (stakeholder-)internally or publicly. A flowchart illustrates the multi-step approach of co-design within the FiberEUse project. The feedback collection process was aided by a progress analysis to detect new value chains for business cases. For the selection of product design concepts, a progress analysis partitioned into four main criteria, the following aspects are drawn on for assessment: (i) quantitative and qualitative production feasibility, (ii) closeness to market introduction, (iii) potential volume of the market, (iv) circularity, (v) type of market, (vi) service opportunities, and (vii) take-back/deposit systems. Aside from bringing out the advantages of co-design for consumers as well as production companies, this chapter also discusses general challenges of co-design and co-creation in a broader sense when intellectual property rights (IPR) are not respected appropriately. The participation in a publicly accessible co-design of concepts must be clearly communicated and accepted by each participant by agreeing to intelligible terms and conditions.

I would like to express my gratitude, primarily, to my dearest family, my partner and his beloved family along with all the people who supported me along this journey. I express all my gratitude, love and thank to my fantastic family. I wish I could have found a better word rather than "thank you" to express my feelings for you. My mom who has been always backing me during all the stages of my life with her eternal love, thanks for believing in me mom. My dad who has always taught me how to appreciate the life and fight back for it, you are always my hero dad. My amazing beloved and the only one sister, Sahar, who has been everything to me besides a sister. Also, my dearest friends, as a sister, Somaie and Simin. Thanks for being so good and so kind to me, and supporting me during all the ups and downs of my life. Also, to my father-, mother-, sister-, and brother-in law (Amirmansour, Sara, Saman Lessanibahri and Fatemeh Gholami) for being the bests that I could have ever asked for. I love you all unconditionally and from the very bottom of my heart. Also, all my family who unconditionally supported me through my whole life, especially my aunt (Nasibe)/uncle (Mohammadreza) family. I would like to thank Iran, my extraordinary country that raised me up with its rich history and culture. As my best friend in Italy stated perfectly in her dissertation: "My roots are deeply in that soil. I truly wish to see your better and brighter days, the ones that you really deserve, when everyone is free and happy. Second, I would like to thank Italy, for becoming my second home. Italy became my second home, because of its beautiful souls, nature and closeness to my roots. Thanks to Spain, Sweden and Malaysia. I lived in each of these countries for a while and I learned a lot in each of them. Each piece of their culture made my soul stronger and more open. I owe special thanks to Universidad Politecnica de Madrid and Politecnico di Milano for giving me the great opportunity to study my PhD. I would like to deeply thank my supervisors, Prof. Mercedes Grijalvo and Prof. Raffaella Cagliano for all their support along this journey. Also, I would like to thank the partners in IMSS and Eu-Innovate project for their brainstorming-which was a great learning opportunity for me. Finally yet importantly, I would like to thank EDIM-European Doctorate in Industrial Management-Program which gave me this opportunity to carry out my Double-Degree PhD. This PhD is produced as part of the EMJD Programme European Doctorate in Industrial Management (EDIM) funded by the Euro-pean Commission, Erasmus Mundus Action 1. Last but not least, my special thanks go to Sina Lessanibahri, not only my boyfriend for the last 8 years, but my best friend. Also, I have to sincerely thank God for blessing me with extraordinary good friends who all supported me during not only my PhD but life journey: