Wilson disease (WD) is an autosomal recessively inherited disorder of copper metabolism for which the basic defect is still unknown. Twenty-seven autosomal markers were investigated for linkage in a large inbred kindred with affected individuals in two generations. Also, serum copper and ceruloplasmin were measured on all available members. Close linkage (0 = 0.06) with a logarithm of odds (lod) score of 3.21 was found between the gene for WD and the esterase D locus. Efficient detection of linkage was made possible by the use of a multisibship inbred pedigree. The discovery of a polymorphic marker genetically linked to the WD locus has profound implications both for investigation of the primary gene defect and for clinical services.
One hundred and ninety-six Moroccan Jews now settled in Israel were typed for 7 blood groups, 12 red cell enzymes and 2 plasma protein systems. Their blood group picture is in agreement with results previously obtained on different samples of Moroccan Jews: rather high B in ABO, somewhat elevated frequencies of cDe and cDE in Rh and K in Kell. Differences in various blood markers exist between them and other North African Jewish communities. This fact, together with data on disease distribution and HLA frequencies, supports our assumption that Jews in the North African diaspora lived as small secluded isolates even within the same geographical zones. Comparisons with meager data on the neighboring non-Jewish populations do not disclose any resemblance to either Arab or Berber inhabitants of Morocco.
Blood groups, serum proteins, and red-cell enzyme frequencies were determined on a random sample of 148 Libyan Jews now settled in Israel. Comparisons with data on Libyan non-Jews show significant differences in most systems, implying maintenance of a high degree of genetic isolation of the Jewish group from surrounding populations. The relative lack of the African component in their gene pool shows that they have interbred very little, if at all, with their negroid neighbours.
One hundred eighty-eight Jewish individuals who either they or whose both parents were born in Iraq were typed for 7 blood groups (ABO, MNS, Rh, Kell, Duffy, P and Kidd), 12 red cell enzyme systems and 2 serum proteins. Iraqi Jews are characterized by a high frequency of A (in ABO), N (in MNS), low cde (Rh) and low Hp-1. Several rare electrophoretic variants were encountered: PGM1 6-1, PHI 3-1 and PHI 2-1, and an unidentified AK phenotype. No evidence of Negroid admixture was found in their gene pool. Comparisons with results previously obtained in Iraqi Jews show general similarities in frequencies while comparisons with neighboring non-Jewish populations suggest divergence in most systems investigated. The difficulties of assessing relationships on the basis of a few selected differences and the need for careful interpretations of similarities are emphasized.
Preliminary results of serological tests on 297 Beduin from several tribes in South-Sinai include seven different blood-group systems, three serum factors and eight red-cell enzyme systems.The present tests show only slight differences between the various tribes, except for the tribe of Jebeliya, which differs very markedly not only from the other Sinai Eeduin but from all other neighbouring populations.A considerable African component characterizes this "European" tribe as manifest by high frequencies of cDe(R"), Fy, Jsa, acid phosphatase Pb and the presence of V(ce') and GGPD electrophoretic type A.
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