UV-induced chlorophyll (ChlFUV) and blue-green (BGF) fluorescences emitted by leaves have been proposed as useful indicators of plant physiological status under stress conditions. In this report, we investigated the effects of nitrogen (N) deficiency on ChlFUV and BGF emissions of leaf sections in relation to plant growth inhibition and accumulation of phenolic metabolites in barley leaves. Plants in a growth chamber were supplied with one of five different NO3 concentrations (0.8, 1.6, 5.0, 8.0, or 16 mmol/L) for a 2-week period. Total fresh biomass decreased with decreasing N supply, whereas leaf content of soluble phenolic compounds increased. This increase in leaf phenolic compounds observed with limiting N supply was accompanied by large increases of the BGF intensity and BGF/ChlFUV ratio of leaf sections and, to a lower extent, by a decrease of the leaf epidermal transmittance of UV radiation (as estimated by the ratio of ChlF intensities induced by UV and blue excitation). Interestingly, we observed a negative correlation (r2 = 0.975) between fresh biomass of plants and BGF intensity of leaf sections. By interpreting, in a context of stress physiology, the changes of UV-induced fluorescences, our results support their potential use as a sensitive tool for the rapid assessment of a plant's nutrient status.Key words: blue-green fluorescence, chlorophyll fluorescence, flavonoids, growth inhibition, nitrogen deficiency, phenolic compounds.
Background: Skin and soft-tissue infections are very common among persons who inject drugs. They occur when microbes pass under the protective layer of the skin and proliferate. This happens when harm reduction recommendations such as skin aseptia before injection and sterile injection equipment usage are not properly followed.
IMPORTANCEGiven limited COVID-19 vaccine availability early in the pandemic, optimizing immunization strategies was of paramount importance. Ring vaccination has been used successfully to control transmission of other airborne respiratory viruses. OBJECTIVE To assess the association of a ring vaccination intervention on COVID-19 spread in the initial epicenter of SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant transmission in Montreal, Canada. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cohort study compared COVID-19 daily disease risk in 3 population-based groups of neighborhoods in Montreal, Canada, defined by their interventionspecific vaccine coverage at the neighborhood level: the primary intervention group (500 or more vaccinated persons per 10 000 persons), secondary intervention group (95 to 499), and control group (0 to 50). The groups were compared within each of 3 time periods: before intervention
L’intervention par les pairs est appelée à occuper une place grandissante parmi les initiatives pour prévenir l’acquisition/transmission du VIH. Une telle stratégie requiert nécessairement la participation des personnes et des groupes concernés. Or, l’expérience de la participation a été très peu documentée chez des femmes travailleuses du sexe de rue et utilisatrices de drogues injectables (TSR-UDI) impliquées dans une intervention par les pairs. Les résultats de l’analyse qualitative du Projet LUNE, une recherche-action participative menée dans la ville de Québec entre 2007 et 2010, sont décrits dans cet article. Les caractéristiques des 20 femmes souhaitant devenir des pairs aidantes, leurs motivations, les facteurs facilitant et entravant leur participation de même que les bénéfices collectifs et personnels de leur participation au projet ont été dégagés des analyses. Les principaux résultats indiquent que les femmes ont affirmé se sentir particulièrement aptes à aider leurs pairs, et ce, sur la base de leur connaissance et de leur expérience du milieu. Également, leur motivation a évolué au cours des trois ans, passant d’une certaine forme d’activisme pour la cause de leurs pairs à une recherche de bénéfices plus personnels. Ce sont différentes réalités étroitement associées à l’injection de drogues qui semblent avoir agi comme principal frein à la participation de plusieurs femmes TSR-UDI, alors que le fait de se sentir acceptées, respectées et considérées à l’intérieur du projet de recherche aurait favorisé leur participation. Finalement, les femmes dont la participation s’est prolongée tout au long de l’intervention par les pairs ont affirmé que leur engagement leur avait permis d’instaurer une certaine structure dans leur vie, d’apprendre à se connaître, d’acquérir des habiletés et d’augmenter leur estime de soi. Des recommandations pour l’intervention ont pu être formulées sur la base des processus observés lors du déroulement du projet.Peer interventions are likely to take on a growing importance among initiatives aimed at the prevention of HIV transmission. The success of such interventions rests upon the participation of the individuals and groups concerned. Yet, few studies have documented the experiences of participation of individuals who are considered to be particularly vulnerable to HIV, for example street-based female sex workers who inject drugs, who have participated in a peer intervention project focused on the prevention of HIV. The qualitative results of the Projet LUNE, a participatory action research project conducted in Quebec City between 2007 and 2010, are presented in this article. The article discusses the characteristics of the 20 women who were interested in being involved in the peer-helper intervention, their motivations, the factors enabling and hindering their participation as well as the benefits of their involvement for themselves and their community. Results indicate that the women considered themselves to be capable of helping their peers based on their knowledge and expe...
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