Analysis of COVID-19 Risk Following a Ring Vaccination Intervention to Address SARS-CoV-2 Alpha Variant Transmission in Montreal, Canada

Périnet, Simone; Cadieux, Geneviève; Mercure, Sarah-Amélie; Drouin, Mylène; Allard, R. W.

doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.47042

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…43 However, a trial of ring vaccination against the Alpha variant demonstrated reduced risk of contracting COVID-19 in areas with high local transmission. 47 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interferon β-1a ring prophylaxis to reduce household transmission of SARS-CoV-2: a cluster randomised clinical trial

et al. 2023

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“…43 However, a trial of ring vaccination against the Alpha variant demonstrated reduced risk of contracting COVID-19 in areas with high local transmission. 47 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interferon β-1a ring prophylaxis to reduce household transmission of SARS-CoV-2: a cluster randomised clinical trial

et al. 2023

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“…Vaccine boosters have been found to increase antibody titers in those with poor responses to primary vaccination, but virus neutralizing titers remain suboptimal in the majority of patients after a third or fourth dose, and a subgroup of patients remain seronegative ( 10–12 ). Indirect approaches to protect KTRs through ring vaccination may be beneficial in the immediate-term ( 13 ), however a strategy to directly boost immunity in immunosuppressed individuals is urgently needed ( 14 ). Such a strategy would likely center on transient modification of immunosuppression, and must strike the balance of enhancing vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy without increasing the risk of transplant rejection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mTOR inhibition improves the formation of functional T cell memory following COVID-19 vaccination of kidney transplant recipients

Perkins

Tunbridge

Chai

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Inadequate immune response to vaccination is a long-standing problem faced by immunosuppressed kidney transplant recipients (KTRs), requiring novel strategies to improve vaccine efficacy. In this study, the potential of mechanistic target of rapamycin inhibitors (mTORi) to improve T cell responses to COVID-19 vaccination was investigated. Following primary vaccination with adenoviral (ChAdOx1) or mRNA (BNT162b2) COVID-19 vaccines, KTRs receiving rapamycin demonstrated T cell responses greater than those of healthy individuals, characterized by increased frequencies of vaccine-specific central memory, effector memory and TEMRA T cells, in both the CD4+ and CD8+ compartments. Relative to standard-of-care triple therapy, mTORi-based therapy was associated with a 12-fold greater functional T cell response to primary vaccination of KTRs. The use of rapamycin to augment T cell responses to COVID-19 booster (third dose) vaccination was next investigated in a randomized, controlled trial. Immunosuppression modification with rapamycin was feasible and well-tolerated, but did not improve vaccine-specific T cell responses in this cohort. To understand the parameters for effective use of rapamycin as a vaccine adjuvant, mice were treated with rapamycin before primary or booster vaccination with ancestral and/or Omicron COVID-19 vaccines. Supporting the findings from KTRs, significant enhancement of functional and stem-like memory T cell responses was observed when rapamycin was administered from the time of primary, rather than booster, vaccination. Collectively, a positive effect of mTOR inhibitors on vaccine-induced T cell immunity against COVID-19 in humans was demonstrated.

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“…Limited research has been conducted comparing the additive mitigating effects of prevention and control measures among major provinces in Canada. With the exception of a few studies focused mainly on COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness, little research has examined the effects of initiating public health interventions or the emergence of new variants on COVID-19 transmission potential and disease burden in Canada ( 8 , 9 ). Moreover, differences in time-varying reproduction number (R t ) and incidence rate ratio (IRR) associated with specific SARS-CoV-2 variants have yet to be explored among populations in Canada.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 Transmission in Alberta, British Columbia, and Ontario, Canada, January 2020–January 2022

Kehoe,

Mallhi,

Barton

et al. 2024

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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We estimated COVID-19 transmission potential and case burden by variant type in Alberta, British Columbia, and Ontario, Canada, during January 23, 2020–January 27, 2022; we also estimated the effectiveness of public health interventions to reduce transmission. We estimated time-varying reproduction number (R t ) over 7-day sliding windows and nonoverlapping time-windows determined by timing of policy changes. We calculated incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for each variant and compared rates to determine differences in burden among provinces. R t corresponding with emergence of the Delta variant increased in all 3 provinces; British Columbia had the largest increase, 43.85% (95% credible interval [CrI] 40.71%–46.84%). Across the study period, IRR was highest for Omicron (8.74 [95% CrI 8.71–8.77]) and burden highest in Alberta (IRR 1.80 [95% CrI 1.79–1.81]). Initiating public health interventions was associated with lower R t and relaxing restrictions and emergence of new variants associated with increases in R t .

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Analysis of COVID-19 Risk Following a Ring Vaccination Intervention to Address SARS-CoV-2 Alpha Variant Transmission in Montreal, Canada

Cited by 3 publications

References 30 publications

Interferon β-1a ring prophylaxis to reduce household transmission of SARS-CoV-2: a cluster randomised clinical trial

Interferon β-1a ring prophylaxis to reduce household transmission of SARS-CoV-2: a cluster randomised clinical trial

mTOR inhibition improves the formation of functional T cell memory following COVID-19 vaccination of kidney transplant recipients

SARS-CoV-2 Transmission in Alberta, British Columbia, and Ontario, Canada, January 2020–January 2022

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