Magnani Branco, BH, Carvalho, IZ, Garcia de Oliveira, H, Fanhani, AP, Machado dos Santos, MC, Pestillo de Oliveira, L, Macente, SB, and Nelson, NJ. Effects of 2 types of resistance training models on obese adolescents' body composition, cardiometabolic risk, and physical fitness. J Strength Cond Res 34(9): 2672–2682, 2020—The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of 2 types of resistance training (RT) models in conjunction with interdisciplinary interventions by other health professionals to reduce the body fat and cardiometabolic risk of obese adolescents while improving their general health-related physical fitness. The 12-week analyses involved 18 male adolescents who were split into 2 groups (weight lifting: n = 9 and functional: n = 9), with equalization according to the primary muscle group (whenever possible), the effort:pause ratio, and intensity. The results showed reductions in fat mass and body fat, as well as in waist and hip circumferences (p < 0.05) after the intervention period. However, no significant differences were observed in terms of the body mass, body mass index, neck circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and for lean mass (p > 0.05) after the respective period. Maximal isometric strength, abdominal strength resistance, flexibility, and maximal oxygen consumption all produced significant increases after the interventions (p < 0.05). There were reductions in low-density lipoproteins and triglyceride levels after the intervention period (p < 0.05). For fasting glycemia, high-density lipoproteins, and alanine aminotransferase, no differences were observed (p > 0.05). In addition, no differences were observed in rating of perceived recovery, internal training load, or caloric intake (p > 0.05). With the results presented, it is concluded that both RT methods were effective at reducing both fat mass and body fat, thus improving health-related physical fitness components and decreasing cardiometabolic risk.

MAs can develop during the course of RVO and DR. ICGA and HR-OCT improves the identification of capillary and venous MAs, and may thus be of interest to better identify sites of blood-retinal barrier rupture during chronic macular edema due to RVO or DR.

Traditional diagnostic methods used to detect American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis, such as histopathology using biopsy samples, culture techniques, and direct search for parasites, have low sensitivity and require invasive collection procedures. This study evaluates the efficiency of noninvasive sampling methods (swab) along with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for diagnosing American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis using skin and mucous samples from 25 patients who had tested positive for leishmaniasis. The outcome of the tests performance on swab samples was compatible with PCR results on biopsy samples. The findings have also shown that PCR-kDNA test is more efficient than PCR-HSP70 and qPCR tests (sensitivity of 92.3%, 40.7%, and 41%, respectively). Given the high sensitivity of the tests and the fact that the sampling method using swabs affords greater patient comfort and safety, it could be said that this method is a promising alternative to conventional biopsy-based methods for the molecular diagnosis of leishmaniasis.

In order to gain a better insight in the serotonergic disorder affecting the parkinsonian brain, the growth hormone (GH) response to the 5-HT1 serotonergic receptor agonist sumatriptan was tested. Sumatriptan was injected subcutaneously in 10 de novo parkinsonian patients (aged 58-69 years) and in 9 age-matched normal controls. On different occasions, subjects were also tested with GH-releasing hormone (GH-RH; 1 µg/kg body weight in an intravenous bolus) and L-arginine (30 g in 50 ml normal saline over 30 min), which releases GH from somatostatin inhibition, to determine whether GH secretion in response to alternate secretagogues is preserved in Parkinson’s disease. In addition, a control test with the administration of normal saline instead of drug treatments was performed. Plasma GH levels were recorded over 2 h in all tests. Placebo administration did not change plasma GH levels in any subject. Similar GH responses were observed in normal controls and parkinsonian patients when GH-RH or arginine were administered. A significant GH increase was observed in normal controls after sumatriptan injection; in contrast, GH secretion was not modified by sumatriptan administration in parkinsonian patients. These data show that Parkinson’s disease is associated with an impairment in the 5-HT1-receptor-mediated serotonergic transmission in the control of GH secretion, suggesting that this specific defect might alter other serotonergic-mediated mechanisms in the parkinsonian brain.

O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar a prevalência de sífilis gestacional e congênita dos anos 2013 a 2016, com base em dados do setor de epidemiologia do município de Maringá - PR. Foi realizado um estudo descritivo retrospectivo por meio de coleta de dados em fichas de notificação compulsória de sífilis gestacional e congênita, onde foram coletados dados da pesquisa. Foram notificados 226 casos de sífilis em gestantes, cuja média de idade mais acometida é de 25,6 anos, mostrando uma prevalência elevada de sífilis primária (68,6%), quando comparado às demais fases da doença. A sífilis congênita apresentou aumento crescente entre os anos estudados, sendo notificados 134 casos da doença em recém-nascidos. Dentre esses, 8,9% apresentaram manifestações clínicas e alterações ósseas importantes. Com esse estudo, foi possível observar aumento significativo de sífilis gestacional e congênita no decorrer dos anos estudados, o que indica alguns pontos frágeis na assistência pré-natal e saúde da gestante, que necessitam de melhoras.

The effect of an i.v. infusion of somatostatin (SRIH) (4.1 μg/min/180 min) on angiotensin II (ANG II infusion for 60 min of successively increasing doses of 4, 8 and 16 ng/kg/min; each dose for 20 min)-stimulated growth hormone (GH) and corticotropin (ACTH) release was studied in 7 normal men. In addition, 7 additional normal subjects were tested with ANG II alone (as described above), GH-RH (0.1 μg/kg body weight as an i.v. bolus) alone or the combination of GH-RH and ANG II. The ACTH response to ANG II was not modified by SRIH infusion; in contrast, the GH response to ANG II was significantly reduced by the concomitant treatment with SRIH. On the other hand, the administration of GH-RH together with ANG II produced peak GH levels comparable to the sum of the individual responses to ANG II and GH-RH, given alone. These findings provide evidence that the stimulatory effect of ANG II on GH, but not ACTH secretion, is under the inhibitory control of somatostatin, suggesting an interaction between ANG II and SRIH in regulation of GH secretion.

In order to establish whether the serotonergic disorder affecting the parkinsonian brain also modifies hypothalamic-pituitary function in Parkinson’s disease, 10 patients (aged 57–66 years) and 10 normal controls (aged 55–69 years) were tested with the serotonergic agonist d,l-fenfluramine (60 mg p.o.), with CRH (100 µg i.v.) and with placebos. Plasma ACTH/cortisol levels during tests were evaluated and compared. Both groups showed similar levels of ACTH and cortisol in basal conditions and after placebo administration. A slight physiological decline in both ACTH and cortisol levels during the placebo test was observed in normal controls and parkinsonian patients. CRH induced similar ACTH/cortisol increments in all subjects. In contrast, d,l-fenfluramine significantly increased plasma ACTH/cortisol concentrations in the normal controls, but not in the parkinsonian patients. These data show a defective serotonergic control of the pituitary-adrenal axis in Parkinson’s disease.

RESUMO:O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a prevalência de sífilis em gestantes atendidas no município de Nova Esperança (PR) entre 2013 e 2014 e a incidência de sífilis congênita notificada no mesmo período na cidade. Foi realizado estudo descritivo retrospectivo por meio de coleta de dados em fichas de gestantes com solicitação médica do exame Veneral Disease Research Laboratory durante o acompanhamento pré-natal e as notificações compulsórias de sífilis congênita registradas pelo setor de epidemiologia do município. Foram constatados 36 casos de sífilis gestacional e cinco de sífilis congênita. Todas as pacientes tiveram acompanhamento pré-natal, entretanto uma teve o diagnóstico da sífilis gestacional somente no momento do parto/curetagem. Os resultados deste estudo indicam que a prevalência de sífilis congênita em Nova Esperança apresentou um crescimento no período de 2013 para 2014. Ao avaliar todas as gestantes com diagnóstico de sífilis durante o atendimento pré-natal, 13,9% não obtiveram tratamento satisfatório e o agente etiológico desencadeou a infecção fetal. Ao comparar os resultados do presente estudo com dados nacionais, em 2013, no Brasil observou-se uma taxa de detecção de 7,5 casos de sífilis em gestantes para cada 1.000 nascidos vivos e em relação à incidência de sífilis congênita no mesmo ano observou-se uma taxa de 4,8 casos por 1.000 nascidos vivos. Conclui-se que os achados deste estudo marcam alguns pontos frágeis da assistência e prevenção da sífilis, no qual os profissionais da saúde devem participar ativamente na realização de ações preventivas e de acompanhamento desta enfermidade. PALAVRAS-CHAVE:Gestação; Sífilis; Sífilis congênita; Vigilância epidemiológica. OCCURRENCE OF CONGENITAL SYPHILIS AND ITS PREVALENCE IN PREGNANT WOMEN IN A MUNICIPALIT Y IN THE NORTHWESTERN REGION OF THE STATE OF PARANÁ, BRAZILABSTRACT: The prevalence of syphilis in pregnant women in Nova Esperança PR Brazil, between 2013 and 2014 and the occurrence of congenital syphilis reported during the same period in the town are investigated by a descriptive and retrospective analysis. Data were retrieved from pregnant women´s clinical charts in which were included Venereal Disease Research Laboratory tests during the prenatal followup and compulsory reports for congenital syphilis from the town´s epidemiological sector. Thirty-six cases of pregnancy syphilis and five cases of congenital were registered. All patients had a prenatal followup and only one patient was diagnosed with pregnancy syphilis at birth. Results demonstrate a rise in the prevalence of congenital syphilis in Nova Esperança between 2013 and 2014. Assessment of all pregnant