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In a representative sample from Statistics Sweden's Labor Market Survey (N = 1,564), it was found that 28% of permanent employees were not in their preferred occupation. In part, this is attributable to prevailing conditions in the labor market, with a lack of jobs, and to the insecurity of time-restricted employment contracts. In this study, the work conditions and health of persons in such a "locked-in" position were investigated. Participants reported significantly more headaches and greater fatigue and slight depression than did those in comparison groups. Results are discussed in relation to psychological theories of control and to a model of individual action strategies. Proposals are made to guide further studies in an area in which research so far has been sparsely conducted.

Reticular adhesions are a distinct class of cell-matrix adhesions that mediate attachment during mitosis.

Negative effects of long-term sick leave were particularly related to leisure activities, sleep and psychological well-being. A reduced alcohol intake was more prevalent than increased consumption. Among individuals with psychiatric diagnoses the consequences were polarized, with few persons unaffected, while the effects were more unipolar and negative in other diagnostic groups. Women experienced positive consequences more often than men, attributed to relationships with children and partner, sleep and psychological well-being. Improved sleep was associated with return to work, particularly among older individuals. Negative consequences on life situation are far more common than positive consequences among patients on long-term sick leave. Benefits as well as adverse effects differ depending on diagnosis, age and gender.

B10 cells are an endothelial clonal line derived spontaneously by culture and selection of rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (1), a source of considerable pharmacological potential. The B10 cells respond to extracellular adenine (but not uracil) nucleotides with intracellular Ca 2ϩ mobilization, mediated by a G-protein-coupled P2Y 1 receptor (2). Whereas the known rat P2Y 1 receptor cDNA could be isolated from the B10 cells (2), no transcript for any other then-known P2Y receptor subtype was detectable in them. However, the B10 cells were found to exhibit another second messenger response, namely the inhibition of stimulated adenylyl cyclase, but with a nucleotide agonist specificity very similar to that of the P2Y 1 receptor (2). It was further demonstrated (3) that selective antagonists of the P2Y 1 receptor, such as adenosine 3Ј-phosphate 5Ј-phosphate, were unable to affect that response, although it showed high sensitivity to 2-propylthio-D-␤,␥-difluoromethylene-ATP (AR-C66096), 1 a specific antagonist (4, 5) of the adenylyl cyclase-inhibitory P2Y T or "P2T" receptor for ADP, which was known as an important functional component of blood platelets. That study (3) demonstrated that a second P2Y receptor activity is present in the B10 cell, with some of its functional features in common with the platelet P2Y T receptor.Recently, a cDNA encoding a nucleotide receptor with a novel seven-transmembrane sequence was identified independently by two groups, starting from a human platelet cDNA library or an orphan human DNA sequence, and shown to be distantly but significantly related to the known P2Y receptors (6, 7). This was designated as the P2Y 12 receptor. Its amino acid sequence lies on a previously unrecognized separate branch of the P2Y family (8). It was characterized in both studies to show its adenine nucleotide specificity and its inhibition of forskolin-stimulated adenylyl cyclase, in which it corresponds to the platelet P2Y T receptor (6, 7). That human P2Y 12 receptor cDNA was expressed again in cell line hosts by other groups, confirming the reported series of agonists but with higher potencies in the cAMP decrease (9) and showing their affinities by competition with the binding of radiolabeled 2-MeSADP (9, 10). In the original identification of the human P2Y 12 receptor, a similar cDNA was also derived from a rat platelet library (6), and its RNA was shown to express in Xenopus oocytes, but this receptor was not further characterized.The question, therefore, obviously arises as to whether the cyclase inhibitory receptor for adenine nucleotides of the B10 capillary endothelial cell is in fact the P2Y 12 receptor. However, this cannot necessarily be assumed, because the P2T receptor has commonly been described in the literature as specific to the platelet (11,12). Furthermore, the adenylyl cyclase-inhibitory P2Y receptor activity in the B10 cell differs in an important

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Recovery beliefs are assumed to predict rehabilitation outcomes and return-to-work in various clinical conditions but are less frequently assessed in musculoskeletal disorders. We tested the hypothesis that recovery beliefs constitute a risk factor for sustained long-term sick absenteeism in men and women suffering from nonspecific chronic musculoskeletal disorders. A total of 233 subjects with a recent or ongoing experience of long-term sick leave were included in a prospective design. Subjects answered a postal baseline questionnaire and were followed up via register data for 1 year. Multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that subjects with negative recovery beliefs (OR: 2.41; CI: 1.22-4.77), low sense of mastery (OR: 2.08; CI: 1.27-3.40), perceived high mental demands at work (OR: 1.77; CI: 1.05-2.99), and prior experiences of long-term sick absenteeism (OR: 1.86; CI: 1.02-3.37) had an increased probability of receiving sickness benefits at follow-up. We conclude that prolonged sickness absence contributes strongly to increase patients' sense of helplessness, lower self-efficacy, and hinder future work return. To improve work return, patients' maladaptive beliefs should be clarified and challenged early in the rehabilitation process.