Bacteriophages were discovered and clinically implemented approximately one century ago and have been used in Western Europe for about one decade. They are currently used mainly in patients with burn injuries. It is likely that bacteriophages will become of great importance in view of the increasing antibiotic multi-drug resistance; however, they will probably not entirely replace antibiotic drugs. A combined use of bacteriophages and antibiotics is likely to be a more reasonable efficient therapy. In addition, the clinical importance of antimicrobial peptides (AMP) also increases. Up to now the possible use of AMPs is still experimental; however, individual AMPs are already established in the routine therapy (e. g. colistin). Further diagnostic and therapeutic measures may include photodynamic therapy, ultraviolet (UV) light application and differentiated genome analysis as well as the individual metabolism situation (metabolomics) of the pathogen cell and the patient tissue.
Objetivo: Investigar o estresse dos cuidadores de idosos de Estratégias de Saúde da Família da zona rural e da zona urbana. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa e descritiva. A amostra foi composta por 10 cuidadores de idosos de quatro estratégias, uma rural e três na área urbana. Para coleta dos dados foram utilizados um questionário e a Escala de Zarit. A análise dos dados foi mediante análise temática de conteúdo. Resultados: Nessa pesquisa constatou-se que cinco cuidadores são familiares, do sexo feminino, três com mais de 60 anos e são esposas, e duas filhas (35 e 38 anos) e que não recebem remuneração pelo trabalho. Na avaliação da sobrecarga dos cuidadores familiares, um dos cuidadores apresentou sobrecarga moderada a severa e os demais sobrecarga moderada. Conclusão: É necessária uma rede de atenção à saúde do idoso para ofertar diversos tipos de serviços, com apoio financeiro e estruturada de forma regionalizada e integrada.
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The current descriptive study is an experience report about the use of gynecological simulators in teaching and research activities developed in the Undergraduate and Postgraduate courses in Health at Cruz Alta University in Southern Brazil. The aim of the present study is to describe the use of gynecological simulator as cervical and anal cytological sample collection teaching-learning strategy, as well as to describe the protocol adopted in such procedure. The gynecological simulator is a useful instrument applied to the sample collection practice for cervical and anal cytological examination purposes, since it is a static dummy anatomically similar to the female body. Simulating the procedure allows students to train and improve skills required to the technique; however, the theoretical contextualization must precede the practice in the simulator in order to stimulate students to reflect on all aspects involved in the exam. The use of gynecological simulator is recommended as complementary tool in cytologic examination teaching-learning scenarios.
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