Endometriosis is characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus. When endometrial implants penetrate more than 5 mm into the peritoneum, the condition is referred to as deep pelvic endometriosis. Although laparoscopy is the gold standard test to establish a diagnosis of deep endometriosis, transvaginal ultrasound represents an alternative that can contribute to detection of the disease, because it is an accessible, low-cost, noninvasive examination that allows preoperative planning in cases requiring surgical treatment. However, in clinical practice, transvaginal ultrasound is still not widely used as the first-line examination in suspected cases of endometriosis. This essay describes the findings of deep endometriosis on transvaginal ultrasound, in order to disseminate knowledge of the utility of the technique for the diagnosis of this disease.
Acanthamoeba are abundant in a wide range of environments, and some species are responsible for cutaneous infections, keratitis, and granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE). The conventional detection and isolation of amoeba from clinical and environmental samples involves sampling and culture on non-nutrient Ágar medium. Although efficient, this system requires several transfers in order to eliminate contaminants, and is not appropriate for the isolation of individual amoeba from samples with a biodiverse community. In this study we propose an alternative method for the isolation of monocystic clones of Acanthamoeba. The propose method involves sampling, enrichment, encystment induction, and direct cysts micromanipulation and culture on Ágar plates.
The aim of the present study is to investigate in vitro antioxidant activity of Cunila microcephala Benth infusion (Poejo) in erythrocytes from individuals with HIV/AIDS. Erythrocytes were used from seventeen patients of both sexes, with HIV/AIDS, receiving antiretroviral therapy and the control group consisted of erythrocytes of HIV/AIDS free individuals belonging to both sexes. The erythrocytes were treated in vitro for an hour with infusions of Poejo at the following concentrations: 1, 5, 10, 25 and 50 g/L After treatment, the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), carbonylated proteins (CPs), and reduced glutathione (GSH) were measured. A reduction in lipoperoxidation and protein carbonylation was observed after treatment with poejo tea at the concentrations of 5, 10, 25 and 50g/L. In addition, a reduction of GSH at such concentrations was observed. Poejo infusion appears to perform an antioxidant activity in lipid oxidation and in the protein carbonylation found in individuals with HIV/AIDS.
Introdução: A principal estratégia para o controle e rastreamento do câncer do colo do útero (CCU) é o exame citopatológico. Objetivo: Descrever o resultado citológico, relacionando-o com as informações da inspeção visual do colo do útero. Metodologia: Amostras citológicas coletadas de mulheres atendidas na Atenção Básica de Saúde foram analisadas pelo método de Papanicolaou. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 34 mulheres, com idade entre 19 e 67 anos. Destas, 8,28% tiveram representatividade de células da JEC; 7,14% apresentaram agentes patogênicos e alterações reativas inflamatórias. Uma mulher, cujo colo foi identificado como "alterado" na requisição do exame, apresentou resultado sugestivo de ASC-US. Para outra mulher, com resultado citológico de LSIL, o colo foi identificado como "normal" na requisição do exame. Conclusão: Este estudo demonstra que a observação dos aspectos visuais do colo do útero durante inspeção visual do exame de Papanicolaou é uma importante ferramenta para o rastreamento do CCU.Descritores: Colo do útero. Papillomavírus Humano. Infecções ABSTRACT Introduction: The main strategy for the control and screening of cervical cancer (CCU) is cytopathological examination. Objective: To describe the cytological result, relating it to the information of the visual inspection of the cervix. Methodology: Cytological samples collected from women attended at the Primary Health Care were analyzed by the Papanicolaou method. Results: 34 women, aged 19-67 years, participated in the study. Of these, 8.28% were representative of JEC cells; 7.14% presented pathogenic agents and reactive inflammatory changes. One woman, whose cervix was identified as "altered" in the exam requisition, presented a suggestive result of ASC-US. For another woman, with a LSIL cytologic result, the cervix was identified as "normal" in the examination request. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that observation of the visual aspects of the cervix during visual inspection of the pap smear is an important tool for screening the CCU.Descriptors: Uterine cervix. Human papillomavirus. Infections.
*** Anal lesion caused by human papillomavirus in a woman living with HIV/AIDS ***AIMS: To describe a case of anal lesion caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in a woman living with HIV/AIDS.CASE DESCRIPTION: A 35-year-old woman, diagnosed with HIV five years ago, reported pruritus ani, anal bleeding, painful defecation, and presence of small warts in the perianal region. The patient was seen at a specialized care center and was subjected to clinical examination with visual inspection, which revealed perianal condyloma. Histopathological examination confirmed the presence of moderate to severe dysplasia associated with HPV-compatible changes. The anal lesion was excised. At the onset of the symptoms, the patient was not on antiretroviral therapy and her HIV viral load was at its highest (2,951 copies/mL) compared with her previous laboratory tests. She had gone through emotional stress and presented with recurrent genital herpes simplex virus infections. These factors may have predisposed her to the development of anal condyloma.CONCLUSIONS: Since HIV infection may alter the history of HPV infection, it is important that screening strategies include cytological analysis of both the cervix and the anal region.
Introdução: A hepatite C é um problema de saúde pública, com maior prevalência em pacientes com doença renal crônica. Objetivo: Conhecer a relação do vírus da hepatite C em pacientes hemodialisados. Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica, com abordagem qualitativa. A busca artigos ocorreu em março de 2019. Foram selecionados artigos no idioma de português e inglês, extraídos de sites de coleção como LILACS, SciELO, PubMed, EBSCO e Ministério da Saúde, no período de 2009-19 e utilizados os seguintes descritores em português: HCV, hepatite C, hemodiálise, doença renal, diálise. E, em inglês: hepatitis c, hemodialysis, renal disease, dialysis. Ao todo, neste estudo foram incluídos oito artigos. Resultados: A hepatite C é causada por um vírus com genoma de fita simples ácido ribonucleico, envelopado, com um diâmetro que varia de 55 a 65 nm, da família Flaviviridae, do gênero Hepacivirus. O Brasil registrou 24.460 casos de hepatite C em 2017, sendo Porto Alegre (RS) a capital com as maiores taxas (90,7 casos/100 mil habitantes). A proporção de infecções por via sexual foi de 9,2%, relacionadas ao uso de drogas, 8,1%, e as infecções por via transfusional, 6,8%. Pacientes com a doença renal crônica são predispostos a contaminação pelo vírus. As principais formas de contágio de pacientes em hemodiálise têm sido as diversas transfusões sanguíneas, resultados falso-negativos, fazendo uma disseminação por equipamento, objetos compartilhados pelos pacientes e quebra de biossegurança dos próprios profissionais. O teste de hepatite C deve ser feito em todos os pacientes que iniciarem o programa de hemodiálise, com confirmação utilizando-se os testes moleculares. Conclusão: A infecção em pacientes com doença renal crônica em hemodiálise vem aumentando ao longo do tempo. Fazem-se necessários maiores cuidado e prevenção nos centros de hemodiálise para que haja redução da contaminação pelo vírus da hepatite C em pacientes com doença renal crônica.
The current descriptive study is an experience report about the use of gynecological simulators in teaching and research activities developed in the Undergraduate and Postgraduate courses in Health at Cruz Alta University in Southern Brazil. The aim of the present study is to describe the use of gynecological simulator as cervical and anal cytological sample collection teaching-learning strategy, as well as to describe the protocol adopted in such procedure. The gynecological simulator is a useful instrument applied to the sample collection practice for cervical and anal cytological examination purposes, since it is a static dummy anatomically similar to the female body. Simulating the procedure allows students to train and improve skills required to the technique; however, the theoretical contextualization must precede the practice in the simulator in order to stimulate students to reflect on all aspects involved in the exam. The use of gynecological simulator is recommended as complementary tool in cytologic examination teaching-learning scenarios.
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