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The purpose of this study was to determine the physiological, anthropometric, and performance characteristics of elite canoe polo players. Fifteen elite male canoe polo players (age: 24.8 Ϯ 2.1 years, height: 178.5 Ϯ 4.4 cm, body mass: 83.9 Ϯ 5.2 kg) underwent body composition assessment by bioelectrical impedance analysis. They were also evaluated on upper-body anaerobic power (Wingate 30-sec), aerobic power, flexibility, muscular strength, muscular endurance, and maximum speed. Body fat was 13.2 Ϯ 3%, basal metabolic rate was 1,905.3 Ϯ 100 kcal•day Ϫ1 , and body mass index was 26.2 Ϯ 1.8 kg•m Ϫ2 . Peak oxygen uptake (VO 2 peak) was 41.8 Ϯ 4.2 ml•kg Ϫ1 •min Ϫ1 , peak oxygen pulse was 19.7 Ϯ 2.4 ml•b•m Ϫ1 , %VO 2 peak at lactate threshold was 80.2 Ϯ 2.4, VO 2 at lactate threshold was 2.7 Ϯ 0.4 L•min Ϫ1 , and heart rate at lactate threshold was 155.8 Ϯ 10.3 b•min Ϫ1 . Upper-body minimum and peak power were 1.76 Ϯ 0.52 and 5.32 Ϯ 0.36 W•kg Ϫ1 , respectively, and the 1-repetition maximum of bench press was 107.8 Ϯ 16.2 kg. Ball-throwing velocity was 22.1 Ϯ 0.45 m•sec Ϫ1 . The results of this study suggest that success in the high level of canoe polo matches in male canoe polo players appears to require a high explosive power, throwing velocity, speed, and muscular strength.

Introduction: The aim of this study was investigating the effect of 4 weeks of high intensity interval training with curcumin supplement on the gene expression of collagen I, II and SMAD/3 in the myocardium of male obese rats with type 2 diabetes. Methods: In this experimental study, 35 male diabetic rats were divided in to 5 groups of seven; normal control, diabetic control, curcumin+diabetic, high intensity interval training, high intensity interval training+curcumin. Diabetes was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin with a dose of 60 mg/kg in all groups except the normal control group. Curcumin was gavage 200 mg/kg of body weight in all groups except normal control and diabetic control groups to determine the expression of COL-I, II and SMAD/3 genes, PCR-Real time method and group comparison were used by Two-way ANOVA test at alpha level of 0.05. Results: The decrease in COL-I gene expression in (S+HIIT (group compared to the (DC) (P<0.0001) and S+DC (P<0.0004) was significant, respectively. In high intensity interval training (HIIT) group, the decrease in COL-I gene expression was also significant compared to the diabetic control (DC) group (P=0.017).The decrease in COL-II gene expression in  curcumin + high intensity interval training (S+HIIT) group compared to the (S+DC) (P=0.001) and diabetic control (DC) (P<0.0003) and in (HIIT) group was significant compared to the (DC) group (P=0.013) and (S+DC) (P=0.029).The decrease in SMAD/3 gene expression in (S+HIIT) group compared to the HIIT (P=0.008), (S+DC) (P<0.0002), (DC) groups (P<0.0006) and in the (HIIT) group was significant compared to the (NC) (P=0.010), (DC) (0.006) and (S+DC) groups (P=0.032). Conclusion: The results showed that, high intensity interval training reduced COL-I, COL-II and SMAD/3 genes and decreasingthe expression of SMAD/3 due to high intensity interval training with curcumin supplementation possibly can improve diabetic fibrosis in myocardial.