Physiological and performance responses to high-intensity interval training in female inline speed skaters

The current study investigated the efficacy of individualizing exercise intensity according to anaerobic power reserve (APR) on hormonal, physiological, and performance adaptations in athletes with different profiles. Sixteen highly-trained male rowers (age = 22 ± 3 years, height = 183 ± 6 cm, weight = 83 ± 7 kg, body fat = 11 ± 2%, experience = 12 ± 5 years) were randomized to a high-intensity interval training consisting of 2 × (6, 6, 8, 8, 10, 10 repetitions from 1st to 6th week, respectively) × 60 s intervals using a rowing ergometer at ∆%30 APR (APR∆%30) or the same sets and repetitions at 130% maximal aerobic power (MAP130%). In both groups, relief intervals were set at 1:1 with 3 min of rest between sets. On four occasions separated by 24 h recovery, participants attended the laboratory to assess 2000-m rowing ergometer performance, maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) and related physiological adaptations, and hormonal parameters. Significant increases were observed in 2000-m performance, V̇O2max, ventilation at V̇O2max, first and second ventilatory threshold, MAP and maximal sprinting power (MSP), total testosterone, and testosterone to cortisol ratio in response to 6 weeks of APR∆%30 and MAP130% protocols. The coefficient of variation (inter-subject variability) in the adaptive response of cardiorespiratory parameters to HIIT performed using the APR∆%30 protocol was lower than those of the MAP130% group. However, this is not the case for hormonal changes. Prescribing HIIT based on an athlete’s APR may help to create a more consistent level of the mechanical and physiological stimulus relative to the athlete’s capacity, potentially leading to more similar adaptations across athletes with varying profiles. Mechanisms influencing total testosterone are multifactorial and are not affected by this approach.

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive responses of cardiorespiratory system and hormonal parameters to individualized high-intensity interval training using anaerobic power reserve in well-trained rowers

Wang

Zhao

2023

“…High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is one of the most effective methods to improve physical performance and related physiological variables ( Buchheit and Laursen, 2013 ; Fereshtian et al, 2017 ; Laursen and Buchheit, 2019 ; Sheykhlouvand et al, 2022 ). The rate at which the adaptations to HIIT occur depends on several primary variables that could be manipulated within a given HIIT session ( Buchheit and Laursen, 2013 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a paddling-based high-intensity interval training prescribed using anaerobic speed reserve on sprint kayak performance

Tao

2023

The aim of this study was to investigate physiological and performance adaptations to high-intensity interval training (HIIT) prescribed as a proportion of anaerobic speed reserve (ASR) compared to HIIT prescribed using maximal aerobic speed (MAS). Twenty-four highly trained sprint kayak athletes were randomly allocated to one of three 4-weak conditions (N = 8) (ASR-HIIT) two sets of 6 × 60 s intervals at ∆%20ASR (MAS-HIIT) six 2 min paddling intervals at 100% maximal aerobic speed (MAS); or controls (CON) who performed six sessions/week of 1-h traditional endurance paddling at 70%–80% maximum HR. A graded exercise test was performed on a kayak ergometer to determine peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak), MAS, V̇O2/HR, and ventilatory threshold. Also, participants completed four consecutive upper-body wingate tests to asses peak and average power output. Significant increases in V̇O2peak (ASR-HIIT = 6.9%, MAS-HIIT = 4.8%), MAS (ASR-HIIT = 7.2%, MAS-HIIT = 4.8%), ASR (ASR-HIIT = −25.1%, MAS-HIIT = −15.9%), upper-body Wingate peak power output and average power output (p < 0.05 for both HIIT groups) were seen compared with pre-training. Also, ASR-HIIT resulted in a significant decrease in 500-m −1.9%, and 1,000−m −1.5% paddling time. Lower coefficient of variation values were observed for the percent changes of the aforementioned factors in response to ASR-HIIT compared to MAS-HIIT. Overall, a short period of ASR-HIIT improves 500-m and 1,000-m paddling performances in highly trained sprint kayak athletes. Importantly, inter-subject variability (CV) of physiological adaptations to ASR-HIIT was lower than MAS-HIIT. Individualized prescription of HIIT using ASR ensures similar physiological demands across individuals and potentially facilitates similar degrees of physiological adaptation.

“…VT 1 was defined as the point at which there was a raise in

and end-tidal O 2 tension (P ET O 2 ) occurred without a simultaneous elevation in

. The criterion for identifying VT 2 was the sustained increase in both the

and

ratio curves, correlated with the decrease in P ET O 2 ( Fereshtian et al, 2017 ; Alejo et al, 2022 ; Dai and Xie, 2023 ). Also, cardiac output (CO) and stroke volume (SV) were non-invasively measured using impedance cardiography (PhysioFlow, Manatec, France).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal homeostatic stress to maximize the homogeneity of adaptations to interval interventions in soccer players

Sheykhlouvand,

Gharaat

2024

Self Cite

This study examined the uniformity of adaptations in cardiorespiratory fitness and bio-motor abilities by analyzing individual responses to measures representing the mentioned qualities. Twenty-four male well-trained soccer players (Age = 26 ± 4 years; stature = 181 ± 3.8; Weight = 84 ± 6.1) were randomized to two groups performing short sprint interval training [sSIT (3 sets of 10 × 4 s all-out sprints with 20 s of recovery between efforts and 3 min of rest intervals between sets)] or a time-matched small-sided game [SSG (3 sets of 3 v 3 efforts in a 20 × 15 m area with 3 min of relief in-between)]. Before and after the 6-week training period, aerobic fitness indices, cardiac hemodynamics, and anaerobic power were assessed through a graded exercise test utilizing a gas collection system, noninvasive impedance cardiography, and a lower-body Wingate test, respectively. Also, sport-specific bio-motor abilities were determined by measuring linear speed, change of direction, and jumping ability. Comparing inter-individual variability in the adaptive changes by analyzing residuals in individual adaptations indicated that sSIT induces more uniform changes in the first and second ventilatory threshold (VT1 & VT2), stroke volume, and peak power output across team members than SSG. SSG also yielded lower proportions of responders in V˙O2⁡max, VT1, VT2, peak, and average power output compared to sSIT. Additionally, the coefficient of variation in mean group changes in measures of aerobic fitness and bio-motor abilities in response to sSIT were lower than in SSG. Short sprint interval training induces more homogenized adaptations in measures of cardiorespiratory fitness and anaerobic power than small-sided games across team members.