Background: The Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC) is based on risk stratification. We presented our experience with fineneedle aspiration cytology (FNAC) for the diagnosis of salivary glands lesions by applying the MSRSGC categorization to the cytological diagnoses, and determined risk of malignancy (ROM) for each category. Methods: Fine-needle aspiration cytology of salivary gland lesions performed over a 6-year period was retrieved. FNAC results were retrospectively categorized according to the MSRSGC criteria, and correlated with corresponding histologic follow-up. ROM for each diagnostic category was calculated. Results: A total of 208 FNAC of salivary gland lesions were reviewed and retrospectively categorized as: non-diagnostic (ND) 23 (11%), non-neoplastic (NN) 54 (26%), atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) 10 (4.8%), benign neoplasms (BN) 77 (37%), salivary gland of uncertain malignant potential (SUMP) 13 (6.3%), suspicious for malignancy (SM) 7 (3.4%), and malignant (M) 24 (11.5%). Histopathological follow-up was available for 84 of 208 cases (40.4%). Overall concordance rate between FNAC and histology was 78.8%. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were calculated as 93.3%, 94.6%, 82.4%, and 98.2%, respectively. Diagnostic accuracy to distinguish benign from malignant disease was 94.4%. ROM for each category was ND 0%, NN 0%, AUS 75%, BN 2.2%, SUMP 28.6%, SM 50%, and M 100%. Conclusion: Fine-needle aspiration cytology continues to be an accurate diagnostic tool for most salivary gland neoplasms showing classical morphologic features. However, difficult cases with unusual or overlapping features will occur. In these situations, the use of MSRSGC risk-stratification could be helpful to define appropriate management.
Due to the increase of the activities in the oil industries, higher interest has been given to enhance the recover the trapped oil and produce more oil from the matured reservoirs. Worldwide, enhanced oil recovery (EOR) is implemented in most reservoirs to recover additional amounts of oil that are not recovered during secondary recovery by water flood or gas injection. Recently, a numerous techniques such as thermal, miscible, immiscible and chemical has proposed to enhanced oil recovery and to increase the producible oil from oil reservoirs. The suitability and the success of a specific EOR process are highly sensitive to reservoir and fluid characteristics, recovery efficiency, availability of injected fluids, and costs. One of the common techniques which have been proposed recently is low salinity water flooding where the sea water with a controlled salinity and salt content is used to alter the rock wettability or enhance the fine migration and resulted in higher oil production. This study aims to investigate the possibility of using low salinity water flooding in naturally fractured reservoirs. The wettability changes are taking into account in terms of oil/water relative, saturation and capillary pressure as these parameters play a key role during the simulation of brine injection. The results show that the oil recovery significantly increases specially for water wet reservoirs as the reason behind is the decreasing water production after the breakthrough of the low saline brines.
T. (2015). Re-exposure to beta cell autoantigens in pancreatic allograft recipients with preexisting beta cell autoantibodies. Clinical Transplantation, 29(11), 991-996. http://doi.org/10.1111/ctr.12619Re-exposure to beta cell autoantigens in pancreatic allograft recipients with pre-existing beta cell autoantibodies. Re-exposure to beta cell autoantigens in pancreatic allograft recipients with pre-existing beta cell autoantibodies.
Abstract:Re-exposure to beta cell autoantigens and its relevance in the presence of donor specific antibodies (DSA) in pancreas allograft recipients is not well known.Thirty-three patients requiring a pancreas transplant were enrolled in an IRB approved study.They underwent prospective monitoring for DSA and beta cell autoantibody (BCAA) levels to GAD65, Insulinoma-associated-antigen 2(IA-2), insulin (micro-IAA [mIAA]), and islet-specific zinc-transporter isoform-8 (ZnT8).Twenty-five (75.7%) had pre transplant BCAA. Twenty had a single antibody (mIAA n=15, GAD65 n=5); five had two or more BCAA (GAD65+mIAA n=2, GAD65+mIAA+IA-2 n=2,
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