Despite the amount of research focusing on brand loyalty, empirical tests of the relationship between customer satisfaction and brand loyalty have not been conducted. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating effects of attitudinal brand loyalty on the relationship between customer satisfaction and behavioral brand loyalty. More over, we developed a robust brand loyalty measurement in the lodging industry by using attitudinal and behavioral brand loyalty constructs. The majority of respondents were business travelers who stayed at an upper-middle-class business hotel. The results of this investigation suggested that customer satisfaction had a significant indirect effect on behavioral brand loyalty when mediated by attitudinal brand loyalty, including cognitive-affective-conative brand loyalty stages. Thus, practitioners should consider customers'perceptions of their brand and not rely solely on purchasing frequencies when measuring brand loyalty levels.

In the United States, the number of elderly is increasing much faster than the overall population of the country. Although this growth presents the restaurant industry with new opportunities, there is evidence that two of three senior patrons express dissatisfaction with service because of mistreatment by restaurant employees. No quantitative research has addressed the influence of service quality on older diners’ behavioral intentions. This study statistically analyzed the relationship between service quality dimensions and restaurant loyalty among elderly customers. An on-site survey was conducted at two family-style restaurants using the SERVQUAL instrument. The major findings were that friendly service and individual attention were more important factors than tangible aspects of service in influencing elderly customers’ behavioral intentions. The results of this study will help restaurant operators improve the specific service quality dimensions that enhance return business.

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Opioid use after kidney transplant has been shown to be a risk factor for chronic opioid use, which leads to an increased risk of mortality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the early impact of a multimodal pain regimen and education quality improvement program on opioid use after kidney transplant 2 months after implementation. This was a retrospective, single‐center analysis of post‐operative opioid use, comparing the average daily Morphine milligram equivalents (MME) of the patients who received education on opioids and a multimodal pain regimen (preoperative TAP/QL block, scheduled APAP and gabapentin) compared to a historical control group. Despite having no differences in pre‐transplant opioid exposure, daily and overall inpatient opioid utilization was significantly reduced in the multimodal pain protocol cohort (38.6 vs 8.0 MME/day; P < .001); 5% of patients in the multimodal pain protocol cohort were discharged with an opioid prescription, compared to 96% of controls (P < .001). Our early results demonstrate that a multimodal pain protocol can effectively and dramatically reduce short‐term opioid utilization in kidney transplant recipients.

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