The authors develop a measurement scale tapping Pine and Gilmore's (1999) four realms of experience that is applicable to lodging and, potentially, tourism research across various destinations. Focusing on the bed-and-breakfast industry, the authors conducted preliminary qualitative studies and a subsequent field survey to collect data from bed-and-breakfast owners and guests to develop and test a proposed model of experience economy concepts. The proposed measurement model includes four realms of experience and four theoretically justifiable nomological consequences. The data supported the dimensional structure of the four realms of experience, providing empirical evidence for both face and nomological validities of these realms and a starting point for measuring emerging experience economy concepts and practices within lodging and tourism settings. The authors discuss ways the measurement scale can be further refined for adoption by destination marketers and directions for future research.

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The author introduces a comprehensive customer value framework and tests an extended value model with lodging products. The extended value model in this study newly incorporates the concepts of brand awareness, as compared to brand or product class, and price fairness. Based on Baron and Kenny’s guideline for mediation analysis, this study found the traditional customer value process to be useful for lodging research and marketing. In addition, brand awareness and price fairness concepts were found to play significant roles in the customer value process. The article includes discussions on both managerial and research implications.

Restaurant managers have recited the quality mantra and sought solace in satisfaction, but customers are motivated by value.

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