Abstract.A 9-year-old, female Mongrel dog was presented for posterior hindlimb weakness, inability to stand, and pain in the lumbosacral and pelvic regions. Radiography revealed a lytic lesion extending from L5 to L6 to the ilium. At necropsy, an 8 ϫ 2 to 3.2 ϫ 3 cm, irregular, white, firm mass was identified extending from the left dorsolateral aspect of the L6 vertebrae to the sacrum, crossing the sacroiliac joint to the ilium, and reaching the acetabulum without affecting the joint cartilage. Tumor masses were also present bilaterally near the costochondral junction of several ribs. White, soft nodules were present in the heart, pericardium, lungs, spleen, and kidneys as well. Histologically, osteolysis with disruption of the cortical bone and reactive bone with the presence of multinucleated osteoclasts was noted. Neoplastic cells consisted of variable, small basophilic round cells (SBRC) with very scant cytoplasm, larger polygonal cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm, and vacuolated cells resembling adipocytes. Within the marrow cavity, vacuolated cells with necrosis predominated, whereas in periosteal areas, polygonal and vacuolated cells that were mixed with a lower percentage of SBRC were more common. In the lungs and heart, SBRC predominated, and in the spleen, polygonal cells were more numerous. Tumor cells stained positive for vimentin and S-100 and stained negative for CD99, neuron-specific enolase, synaptophysin, chromogranin A, cytokeratins, desmin, myoglobin, and actin. This tumor most likely arose from the marrow cavity of the L6 and later invaded through the vertebral body into adjacent vertebrae and various visceral sites.Key words: Bone marrow; canine; liposarcoma; osteolysis; round cell; subcutis; vertebrae.Liposarcomas (LS) are uncommon tumors with an overall incidence of 0.2-0.5% among all canine neoplasms and a mean age at diagnosis of 9.7 years. 18 Shetland Sheepdogs are preferentially affected. 6 In dogs, primary extraskeletal LS arise frequently from the subcutis, deeper soft tissues (such as interfascicular or intermuscular space), and thoracic and abdominal cavities. 4,6,11,18 In animals, primary bone LS are rare 19 and may arise from the marrow cavity of the mandible, distal humerus, ulna, hock, or metacarpus. 1,3,5,8,13,17 Liposarcomas are also reported as a component of mesenchymoma of the vertebral column 14 and radius. 12 Secondary bone LS may result from direct invasion from LS of the neighboring periarticular fat 1 or by metastasis from extraskeletal tumors such as retroperitoneal LS. 10 Extradural spinal LS, without invasion of adjacent vertebrae and with displacement of the spinal cord, has been reported. 7 Histologically, LS of marrow origin are identical to those arising from soft tissues. 1,19 In animals, the tumors are classified as well differentiated, pleomorphic (anaplastic), and myxoid subtypes, with the myxoid LS the least common. 6 Well-differentiated LS contain readily recognized adipocytes. Pleomorphic variants have cells of highly variable morphology mixed ...
ABSTRACT. A 12-year-old female miniature poodle showed a 3-month history of neurological signs. Magnetic resonance imaging disclosed a high intensity tumor mass in the right cerebral hemisphere with compression of the lateral ventricle. At necropsy, a 2 × 3 cm white, friable mass was found in the right ventral pyriform lobe. Microscopically, the tumor cells were large, polygonal to round cells supported by a sparse fibrovascular stroma. The tumor cells typically possesed finely granular, pale eosinophilic cytoplasm with strongly positive periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) reaction. The tumor cells were immunopositive for vimentin, NSE and S-100. Ultrastructurally, the tumor cells showed large amounts of granules in the cytoplasm, and absence of basement membrane. Based on the above-mentioned findings, the intracranial granular cell tumor was diagnosed.
Abstract. A 7-month-old cat was examined for progressive abdominal distension. Radiography showed a fluid-containing cyst, which had subsequently ruptured as the result of a fall. Nephrectomy was performed, and examination revealed the coexistence of pyelocaliceal diverticula with a cystic intracapsular angiomyolipoma (mesenchymal hamartoma) in the left kidney. The diverticula were present on both cranial and caudal poles of the kidney and were lined by transitional epithelium. The hamartoma was characterized by the presence of multiple mesenchymal tissues, including thick-walled blood vessels, smooth muscle, and adipose tissue.Pyelocaliceal diverticula (PCD) are eventrations of the upper collecting systems lying within the renal parenchyma and communicating with the main collecting system via a channel. 13 PCD in humans have been well studied and are usually congenital. Although reports of this disease in domestic animals have been rare, 5 acquired pyelogenic diverticulum has been suggested in dogs by excretory urography. 7,8 Mesenchymal type hamartoma has been sporadically reported in domestic animals other than cats, particularly in the liver, lung, and kidney. 2,[9][10][11][12] In this study, PCD were discovered coexisting with a cystic mesenchymal hamartoma (angiomyolipoma) in the kidney of a young cat.A 7-month-old intact female cat was examined for progressive abdominal distension for 2-3 months. Radiography revealed a fluid-containing cyst in the abdomen, but no specific treatment was undertaken. The cyst had ruptured as the result of a fall, and the patient showed signs of depression, vomitting, and anorexia. A second radiographic study confirmed the ruptured cyst and ascites. Physical examination revealed normocardia (150 beats/minute), normopnea (24 breaths/minute), a rectal temperature of 39 C, and abdominal pain on palpation. The hemogram revealed a leukocytosis (38,700 cells/l) due to neutrophilia (34,443 cells/l) that was interpreted as mild peritonitis in response to a ruptured cyst. Serum biochemistry revealed a mild hypoproteinemia (5.2 g/dl), hypoalbuminemia (2.2 g/dl), and hyperglycemia (221 mg/dl), without azotemia. Both hypoproteinemia and hypoalbuminemia were interpreted as a loss of protein due to proteinuria, and hyperglycemia was considered a stress response. Urine was acidic and had a specific gravity of 1.035, high protein levels (ϩϩϩ), and occult blood (ϩϩ). Abdominal fluid obtained by paracentesis was red and had a specific gravity of 1.026, protein content of 2.6 g/dl, and total cell count of 40,960 cells/mm 3 with Ͼ95% erythrocytes and Ͻ5% white blood cells and was interpreted as a modified transudate. Ascitic fluid culture using soy, MacConkey, and brain-heart infusion agars was negative. Exploratory laparotomy via the ventral midline revealed ascites and a white ruptured cyst in the surrounding area of the left kidney. Ne-
Odontogenic cutaneous fistula is commonly misdiagnosed by practitioners, leading to incorrect and unnecessary treatment. Here, we present two cases. Case 1 involved an eight-year-old intact male Maltese with a submandibular cutaneous abscess following 2 weeks of antibiotic treatment who was later diagnosed, using dental radiography, with odontogenic cutaneous fistula. Case 2 involved an eight-year-old neutered female Maltese with a submandibular cutaneous nodule and general skin problems following 6 months of oral antibiotics and a history of surgical intervention who was finally diagnosed, using dental radiography and computed tomography, with an odontogenic cutaneous fistula that resolved completely following tooth extraction. These two cases highlight the importance of odontogenic infection in the differential diagnosis of typical lesions in the head and neck.
Severe lumbosacral pain, paraparesis or paraplegia, and urinary incontinence are common but frustrating problems in dogs with lumbosacral spinal cord injury (SCI). The surgical interventions including stabilization and decompression may not restore satisfying neurological functions in severe SCI. Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (Ad-MSCs) show benefits in immunomodulation, anti-inflammation, and promotion of axonal growth and remyelination, and also display efficacy in several diseases in veterinary medicine. In this report, four dogs presented with fracture of sacrum vertebrae or fracture of seventh lumbar and lumbosacral displacement after road traffic accidents. The clinical signs include lumbosacral pain (4/4), paraparesis (3/4), paraplegia (1/4), and urinary incontinence (4/4). All dogs were treated by surgical decompression with or without stabilization 1 to 7 weeks after trauma. Allogeneic canine Ad-MSCs (cAd-MSCs) were injected locally on nerve roots through the surgical region in all dogs. One dose of intravenous transplantation and 4 doses of local transplantation were also performed within 8 weeks after the surgery separately. All dogs showed significant neurological improvements with normal ambulatory ability (4/4) and urinary control (3/4) 3 months after the surgery and the first cAd-MSCs transplantation. No side effect was related to multiple cAd-MSCs transplantations during 6 months monitoring in all dogs. In conclusion, multiple cAd-MSCs transplantations could be a recommended treatment combined with surgery in dogs with lumbosacral SCI.
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