ABSTRACT. Postmortem examination of a meerkat which had been captive for eight years in zoo, revealed multinodular white masses filling the thoracic cavity with systemic metastasis. Microscopically, the neoplastic cells were polygonal to spindle-shaped and had eosinophilic cytoplasm often with variable numbers of small lipid droplets. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells were intensely positive for vimentin and occasionally weakly positive for S-100. Ultrastructurally, several lipid droplets without limiting membranes were observed in the cytoplasm. Based on the findings above, the tumor was diagnosed as a pleomorphic liposarcoma arising from the thoracic cavity. To date, neoplasms have seldom been reported in Herpestidae animals. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of liposarcoma in a meerkat. KEY WORDS: liposarcoma, meerkat, systemic metastasis, thoracic cavity.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 71(5): 685-688, 2009 Liposarcomas are rare neoplasms in domestic animals, but have been reported to occur in many species [1,4,5,[7][8][9][11][12][13]. In Herpestidae animals, the neoplasms have seldom been reported and, to our knowledge, their occurrence has not been documented for meerkats so far [10]. Here we report the first case of pleomorphic liposarcoma in a meerkat, which developed in the thoracic cavity with systemic metastasis.A female meerkat which had been in captivity for eight years in zoo was unresponsive to steroid therapy and died after 3 months history of progressive depression, anorexia, and respiratory distress. Postmortem examination revealed multinodular white masses filling the thoracic cavity (Fig. 1). The mass surrounded the heart and displaced the diaphragm toward the abdominal cavity (Fig. 2). The cut surface of the tumor was white in color and lobulated. The lungs were displaced dorsally and a number of white nodules were scattered on the surface. Numerous white nodules were found in the liver. Small neoplastic nodules were also present on the thoracic wall, omentum, mesentery, and surface of the abdominal organs.For light microscopic examination, sections of the tumor and major organs were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE), periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), PAS with diastase digestion, and silver impregnation. Oil red O staining was performed on frozen sections to demonstrate fat droplets in the neoplastic cells.Immunohistochemical staining was performed using primary mouse monoclonal antibodies to vimentin (vimentin, v9; Dakocytomation Denmark A/S, Glostrup, Denmark), S-100 protein (beta-chain specific) (S-100; JIMRO, Takasaki, Japan), neuron specific enolase (NSE, 1G4; Zymed Laboratories, San Francisco, U.S.A.), human desmin (desmin, D33; Dakocytomation Denmark A/S), and human smooth muscle actin (-SMA, 1A4; Dakocytomation Denmark A/ S). Microwave antigen retrieval was performed at 90C for 9 min (vimentin, S-100, NSE, desmin). The tissues were incubated with primary antibodies at 4C overnight. For secondary antibody reaction, tissues were incubated with mouse or rabbit...