Abstract. Based on the ethnomedical use of Careya arborea Roxb bark in the treatment of tumors, the present study was carried out to evaluate the anticancer potentials against Dalton's lymphoma ascites (DLA)-induced ascitic and solid tumors. The methanol extract of its bark given orally to mice at the dose of 250 or 500 mg / kg body weight for 10 days caused significant reduction in percent increase in body weight, packed cell volume, and viable tumor cell count when compared to the mice of the DLA control group. Restoration of hematological and biochemical parameters towards normal was also observed. Histological observations of liver and kidney also indicated repair of tissue damage caused by tumor inoculation. The extract at the dose of 5 or 25 mg / kg body weight given i.p. daily for 14 days significantly reduced the solid tumor volume induced by DLA cells.
Abstract. A large number of plants belonging to the Hypericum family are known to possess strong antitumor properties. The methanol extract of H. hookerianum WIGHT and ARNOTT stem (MEHH) exhibited potent in vitro cytotoxic activity against various cancerous cell lines. In the present study, the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) standardized MEHH was tested for in vivo antitumor properties against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) tumor bearing mice at 100, 200, and 400 mg / kg body weight doses given orally once daily for 14 days. The results indicate that administration of the extract not only increased the survival of animals with ascites tumor, decreased the body weight induced by the tumor burden, and reduced packed cell volume and viable tissue cell count, but also altered many hematological parameters changed during tumor progression, indicating the potent antitumor nature of the extract. Among the three doses tested, the 200 mg / kg body weight dose was found to be the most potent.
The methanol extract of Careya arborea bark (MECA) was tested for antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) tumor-bearing mice. Tumor control animals inoculated with EAC showed a significant alteration in the levels of antioxidant and hepatoprotective parameters. The extract treatment at 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight doses given orally caused a significant reversal of these biochemical changes towards the normal in serum, liver and kidney when compared to tumor control animals indicating the potent antioxidant and hepatoprotective nature of the standardized extract.
Keywords: Hypericum hookerianum; anticancer; free radicals; hepatoprotective. INTRODUCTIONWorldwide, over ten million cancer cases, with over six million deaths, were estimated in the year 2000 (Parkin, 2001). Drug discovery from medicinal plants has played an important role in the treatment of cancer (Butler, 2004). Vinca alkaloids, epipodophyllotoxins, taxanes and camptothecins are the four main classes of anticancer agents from plants currently in clinical use and natural products isolated from medicinal plants can remain as essential components in the search for new medicines (Balunas and Kinghorn, 2005) The genus Hypericum encompasses various species used in traditional medicine in different parts of the world. Strong cytotoxic and anticancer properties have been observed in H. perforatum (Roscetti et al., 2004), H. mysorence, H. patulum (Vijayan et al., 2003b, H. polyanthemum (Ferraz et al., 2005), H. drummondii (Jayasuriya and McChesney, 1989) and several other plants of the genus Hypericum (Ferraz et al., 2005) and many of their phytoconstituents. Earlier studies carried out in our laboratories have indicated the potent cytotoxic nature of H. hookerianum against several cancerous cell lines. Among the extracts prepared from different parts of the plant, the stem extract was found to be more potent with CTC 50 (cytotoxic concentration to kill 50% cells) values of 2.02 μg/mL for RD, 10.25 μg/ mL for HEp-2 and 100.6 μg/mL for Vero cell lines. In short term cytotoxicity studies against DLA cell lines the CTC 50 was found to be 135.00 ± 0.70 μg/mL (Vijayan et al., 2003a). Except for these studies, so far, no other biological activities have been studied on H. Hookerianum and no phytoconstituents have been reported. Hence, in continuation of our studies, the methanol extract of H. hookerianum stem was investigated for its in vivo antitumor properties against the DLA tumor model in mice.The chemopreventive properties of plant anticarcinogens are either due to antilipid peroxidative action, modulating carcinogen detoxification or by improving the antioxidant defense system (Johnson, 1997). A large number of plants possessing anticancer and antioxidant properties are known (Kavitha and Manoharan, 2006). Hence, in the present study the antioxidant status of MEHH was also evaluated. A standardized extract containing 0.077% w/w of hypericin and 0.36% w/w of hyperoside was used. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plant material and extraction. Plant material Preparation of suspensions and solutions.The MEHH and standard MT were suspended in distilled water using sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (0.3%) and administered orally to the animals with the help of an intragastric catheter.Antitumor activity. Swiss Albino mice were divided in to six groups (n = 12). All the animals were injected with DLA cells (1 × 10 6 cells/mouse) intraperitoneally except for the normal group. This was taken as day 0. Group I served as normal and group II served as the tumor control. These two groups received sodium CMC suspension (0.3%). Group III ser...
Background: Hypericum is a well-known plant genus in herbal medicine. Hypericum mysorense (Family: Hypericaceae), a plant belonging to the same genus, is well known in folklore medicine for its varied therapeutic potential. Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the different parts of the plant for antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties. Materials and Methods: The methanol extracts of Hypericum mysorense prepared from various parts of the plant were tested in vitro for their free radical scavenging activity against ABTS• (diammonium salt), DPPH• (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), NO•, O2•− and •OH radicals, using standard systems of assays. The total antioxidant capacity, total phenolic and total flavonoid content of the extracts were analyzed. Further, the leaf and flowering top extracts were tested for their in vivo antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities on Wistar rats using a carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic injury model. Results: The leaf and flowering top extract showed potent antioxidant activity and also possessed highest total phenolic and flavonoid content. The antioxidant activity and the total phenolic and flavonoid content present in these extracts showed a good correlation. The leaf and flowering top extracts at 200 mg/kg restored aspartate amino transferase (ASAT), alanine amino transferase (ALAT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin and protein levels significantly in CCl4-intoxicated rats. The tested extracts also showed a significant (p < 0.001) reduction in 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) levels with an increase in SOD and CAT levels. The histopathology of liver did not show any toxicity after the treatment with the extracts. The active extracts were standardized using two marker compounds, hyperoside and rutin, which were isolated from the plant by HPLC. HPLC studies revealed that the maximum concentration of hyperoside and rutin is present in the flowering top extract.
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