A ruthenium trichloride complex has been loaded into an aluminium metal-organic framework (MOF), MOF-253, by post-synthetic modification to give MOF-253-Ru. MOF-253 contains open bipyridine sites that are available to bind with the ruthenium complex. MOF-253-Ru was characterised by elemental analysis, N(2) sorption and X-ray powder diffraction. This is the first time that a Ru complex has been coordinated to a MOF through post-synthetic modification and used as a heterogeneous catalyst. MOF-253-Ru catalysed the oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols, including allylic alcohols, with PhI(OAc)(2) as the oxidant under very mild reaction conditions (ambient temperature to 40 °C). High conversions (up to >99%) were achieved in short reaction times (1-3 h) by using low catalyst loadings (0.5 mol% Ru). In addition, high selectivities (>90%) for aldehydes were obtained at room temperature. MOF-253-Ru can be recycled up to six times with only a moderate decrease in substrate conversion.

A readily available pincer ruthenium(II) complex catalyzes the selective monoalkylation of (hetero)aromatic amines with a wide range of primary alcohols (including pyridine-, furan-, and thiophene-substituted alcohols) with high efficiency when used in low catalyst loadings (1 mol %). Tertiary amine formation via polyalkylation does not occur, making this ruthenium system an excellent catalyst for the synthesis of sec-amines.

Primary carbohydrate amines at primary and secondary carbons are alkylated by alcohols in the presence of [Cp*IrCl(2)](2). When primary carbohydrate alcohols are used as the coupling partners and in the presence of Cs(2)CO(3), amine-linked pseudodisaccharides are obtained. Secondary carbohydrate alcohols are unaffected under these conditions, which allows regioselective reactions.

A ruthenium complex formed from commercially available [Ru(p-cymene)Cl2]2 and 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane catalyzes the racemization of aromatic α-hydroxy ketones very efficiently at room temperature. The racemization is fully compatible with a kinetic resolution catalyzed by a lipase from Pseudomonas stutzeri. This is the first example of dynamic kinetic resolution of α-hydroxy ketones at ambient temperature in which the metal and enzyme catalysts work in concert in one pot at room temperature to give quantitative yields of esters of α-hydroxy ketones with very high enantioselectivity.

Surface of a particle is inevitably charged. When the particle is surrounded by a fluid a potential difference arises between the surface and bulk, called zeta potential (ζ) which controls many interfacial properties of the particle involving in suspension, emulsion, colloid etc. Many phenomena happening around us have at least one step that passes through an interface. Thus, the application of ζ is practically uncountable. Discovered in late 19th century, almost past 120 years, the application of ζ has emerged in many areas to meet the fruitful need of mankind. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no report disclosed citing the applications at one place as a ready tool for the readers. The present review accumulates extensive survey of literature, bringing out various aspects of ζ in chemistry, engineering, biology, material, and environmental sciences. A brief theoretical background mentioning the principle and practical applications were focused.

Carboxylic acids (CAs) are one of the most ubiquitous and important chemical feedstocks available from biorenewable resources, CO2, and the petrochemical industry. Unfortunately, chemoselective catalytic transformations of CHnCO2H (n = 1–3) groups into other functionalities remain a significant challenge. Herein, we report rheniumV complexes as extremely effective precatalysts for this purpose. Compared to previously reported heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts derived from high- or low-valent metals, the present method involves a α-C–H bond functionalization, a hydrogenation, and a hydrogenolysis, which affords functionalized alcohols with a wide substrate scope and high chemoselectivity under relatively mild reaction conditions. The results represent an important step toward a paradigm shift from ‘low-valent’ to ‘high-valent’ metal complexes by exploring a new portfolio of selective functional group transformations of highly oxygenated organic substrates, as well as toward the exploitation of CAs as a valuable biorenewable feedstock.

Polypropylene, poly(ethylene terephthalate), ethylene chloro tetrafluoroethylene, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene, and epoxy vinyl ester resin (Derakane 470-300) were evaluated in aqueous HCl containing chlorine gas at high temperature as a corrosion media. Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray, and dynamic mechanical analyzer are used for identification of nature of chemical reactions on polymer chain. Puncture resistance and hardness tests were done to evaluate the mechanical strength after the exposure. The scanning electron microscopy image was taken to check the morphological change of polymer surface. Chlorination and oxidation reactions were observed to be responsible for the stability behavior of polymer. A mechanism proposed for both chlorination and oxidation on polymer.

An organocatalyzed Michael-cyclization cascade approach of readily available α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and pyrazoleamides has been developed to get highly substituted δ-lactones in excellent enantioselectivities (up to 97%) and diastereoselectivities. The δ-lactones so obtained could easily be transformed into benzazepine derivatives with excellent enantio- and diastereoselectivities. Furthermore, the pyrazole moiety from the δ-lactones can be simply cleaved without disturbing the stereoselectivity.