Legume proteins are precursors of bioactive components, such as peptides. In the present paper, different types of legume as sources of bioactive peptides and hydrolysates are considered and discussed based on their anti-inflammatory effect. Peptides with anti-inflammatory activity were included from in vitro and in vivo studies. Current strategies for obtaining bioactive peptides, as well as their structure and impact on health, were also reviewed. It was discovered that peptides derived from legume protein, mainly soybean and bean, can regulate several inflammatory markers, which include prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX- 2), cytokines, and chemokines. So far, lunasin, VPY and γ-glutamyl peptides have been identified with anti-inflammatory activity but their mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Furthermore, it is necessary to gather more information about hydrolysates containing peptides and single peptides with antiinflammatory activity. Considering the wide diversity, legume may be promising components to produce peptides efficient to ameliorate inflammatory disorders.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of chitosan-tomato plant extract (C-TPE) edible coating (EC) applications on the physicochemical, microbiological, sensory and antioxidant capacity of chicken during storage. Edible coatings prepared with chitosan 1%, acetic acid 1%, glycerol and TPE (0.1 and 0.3%) were tested. The slices were submerged for 1 minute in different treatments (T1: C 1%; T2: C 1% + TPE 0.1%; T3: C 1% + TPE 0.3%; T4: control) and stored at 4 °C. At the end of the storage period, the treatments exhibited the greatest physicochemical and microbiological effects in the slices, reducing the microbial population relative to the control. The T2 treatment exhibited the highest antioxidant capacity, total phenolic content and overall acceptance. The results demonstrate that the application of C with the addition of a natural extract, such as those from the tomato plant, can be an alternative method for preserving chicken meat.

Food safety has acquired great attention by food importer and exporters. Food rejection or acceptance across international borders is based on the compliance with international food regulations. Due to the lack of recent data on pesticide residues in Mexican grains, this study focused on detecting and quantifying insecticide residues in stored wheat, corn, chickpeas, and beans, as well as to determine their mutagenic potential. Grains were sampled from primary storage sites in Sonora, Mexico. Malathion, chlorpyrifos, deltamethrin, cypermethrin, 4,4-DDE, 4,4-DDD and 4,4-DDT were analyzed in 135 samples. Grain samples were not mutagenic and most pesticide levels were within regulation limits.

Se evaluó el efecto de la centrifugación complementaria en la composición química y reológica parcial, así como la biodegradabilidad del agua de cola de sardinas Monterey y sardina crinuda como alternativa en la recuperación de sólidos. Se utilizó agua de cola y se centrifugó para posteriormente aplicarle los análisis respectivos. Es de resaltar que la centrifugación complementaria reduce significativamente la concentración de sólidos totales, viscosidad, demanda bioquímica de oxígeno (DBO5) y demanda química de oxígeno (DQO) a valores cercanos al 50 %. La concentración de colágeno en el agua de cola (11.7 mg/g y 3 mg/g) fue más alta que las observadas después de centrifugar (3.3 y 0.87 mg/g), además, la viscosidad presentó una relación con la concentración de colágeno/gelatina, que ayuda a calcular la biodegradabilidad. Esta, se calculó mayor de 2.5 pero menor de 5. Se concluye que la centrifugación complementaria como operación unitaria aumenta la recuperación de sólidos y mejora del tratamiento agua de cola.

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ResumenAntecedentes: la función principal de los edulcorantes no nutritivos es proveer al consumidor un producto dulce sin la carga calórica del azúcar. El consumo de edulcorantes no nutritivos se relaciona con alteraciones en el ADN, con apoptosis y con la síntesis de precursores de cáncer. Además, su consumo también se relaciona recientemente con un incremento de tejido adiposo. Objetivo: analizar el efecto de los edulcorantes no nutritivos a largo plazo, evaluando el riesgo de estos compuestos. Materiales y métodos: búsqueda en bases de datos, PubMed, SciELO y Redalyc, y análisis de bibliografía relacionada con efectos tóxicos y metabólicos del consumo de edulcorantes no nutritivos. Resultados: el consumo de estos edulcorantes presentó efectos citotóxicos en diferentes modelos de estudio. Parece existir una relación con el incremento en la síntesis de tejido adiposo, que provoca obesidad y enfermedades derivadas. Los edulcorantes sintéticos fueron los que presentaron más alteraciones citotóxicas, mientras que edulcorantes naturales, a excepción de los esteviósidos, no presentaron efectos adversos. Múltiples investigaciones explican el efecto del consumo de estos edulcorantes en el metabolismo y los efectos citotóxicos. Conclusiones: el tema de edulcorantes es controversial, por ello la información recopilada en esta revisión busca proporcionar un panorama que ayude a comprender la respuesta a nivel celular y metabólico sobre su consumo.Palabras clave: edulcorante no nutritivo, edulcorante, toxicidad, efectos adversos, diabetes mellitus. AbstractBackground: The primary function of non-nutritive sweeteners is to provide the consumer with a sweet product without the caloric load of sugar. The consumption of non-nutritive sweeteners is related to alterations in DNA, apoptosis, and the synthesis of cancer precursors. Recently, its consumption has been related to an increase in adipose tissue. Objective: To analyze the effect of long-term consumption of these sweeteners and evaluate the risk of these related factors. Materials and Methods: Pubmed, Scielo and Redalyc database search and analysis of references related to toxic and metabolic effects of consumption of non-nutritrive sweeteners. Results: The consumption presents cytotoxic effects in different study models. There appears to be a relationship with an increase in synthesis of adipose tissue, which causes obesity and derived diseases. Synthetic sweeteners have the most cytotoxic alterations, whereas natural sweeteners, except steviosides, do not present adverse effects. Multiple investigations explain the impact of nonnutritive sweetener consumption on metabolism and related cytotoxic effects. Conclusion: The issue of sweeteners is controversial; therefore the information compiled in this review seeks to provide a panorama that helps understand the cellular and metabolic level responses of their consumption.