AimThe aim was to determine the prevalence of glue‐sniffing among street children.DesignA descriptive cross‐sectional study design was adopted.BackgroundChildren are the source of hope and could be the major ailments for the development of society, nation and the world but there are large numbers of children on the street sniff glue and struggling with multiple disease and uncertain future.MethodsA study was conducted in 52 street children to determine the prevalence of glue‐sniffers and its impact on street children in Butwal, municipality of Nepal. This study was conducted in 52 street children, 5‐ point Likert scale and interview schedule was performed with the help of structured and semi‐structured questionnaire to collect data. Finally, the collected data are analysed by using descriptive statistical methods such as frequency, percentage and mean.ResultsThe study findings revealed that a large number of children, that is 40.38% was between the age group of 9–12 years and 92.31% were male. The current prevalence of glue‐sniffing among street children is 88.46%. Similarly, 58.7% of respondents had started glue‐sniffing 1 year ago. Out of 46 respondents who sniffed glue, 89.13% were unaware of its effect. Nearly, half of the respondents 45.65% had encountered health issues such as headache, chest pain and stomach ache.ConclusionsThey have deprived children and denied not only of their rights as children but also of their normal childhood. Without guidance, education and security, they are heading towards an uncertain future. They can have enough potentiality and talent if they are brought into a better environment and might have real hope for the bright future.
Background: Pregnancy is the period from conception to birth during which there is the requirements of diet that provide the required essential nutrients to keep the mother healthy and allow the fetus to grow and develop in favorable conditions. The objective of the study was to identify the knowledge on dietary pattern among pregnant women attending ANC checkup in Narayani sub-regional hospital. Methods: The study was of descriptive, cross sectional type. The random sampling technique was applied. The study design was conducted in Narayani sub-regional hospital in Parsa district, Nepal. Participants included 96 pregnant women using semi structured questionnaire through face to face interview. Data analysis was done both manually and with the help of SPSS. Results: The study showed that there were more women 56(58.3%) from rural areas than that of urban. About seven out of 10 pregnant women were between the ages of 20 to 35 years of age and the study showed that one-fifth of the pregnant women were married before legal age. The mean age of pregnant women was 24. 1 year. There were 6.2% of pregnant women who were illiterate and six out of 10(59.4%) pregnant women had agriculture as their main occupation. The total sampled 96 pregnant women interviewed all knew about nutrition and mostly the source of information was family, neighbors and friends (34.4%). Almost two-fourth (45.8%) of pregnant women still have the wrong perception regarding consumption of green vegetables and coldness (61.4%) is the main reason behind not consumption of green vegetables. The reason for consumption of processed food was because of easy availability and nine in ten pregnant women replied media influenced them to eat processed food. Two-third pregnant women replied right answer for reason of taking iron tabs. In the study found that there is no association between women literacy and knowledge on nutrition. About 6 in 10 (59.3%) sampled women had moderate knowledge on nutrition whereas only one forth-pregnant woman had high knowledge on nutrition. One-sixth pregnant women had low knowledge. Conclusions: The study revealed that, although every pregnant woman had some sorts of knowledge on nutrition, still there is lack of sufficient knowledge on dietary patterns during pregnancy and some wrong perceptions following diet consumption during pregnancy was found. Health education and awareness programs that influences to develop positive attitude can only ultimately brings changes in the behavior.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) affects millions of people worldwide. The article aims to review the therapeutic perspective on natural antioxidants, their mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics in management and cure of COVID‐19/ SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. We conducted a literature search including World Health Organization and National Institute of Health guidelines and clinical trials registered with ClinicalTrials.gov limited to antioxidants in COVID‐19 management. Elderly, immunocompromised patients, and others with underlying health conditions or multiple comorbidities have a high mortality rate. Disrupted redox homeostasis and oxidative stress seem to be biological pathways that may increase personal vulnerability to infection. Antioxidants like vitamins C, D, E, epigallocatechin‐3 gallate, and morin have been reported to protect against COVID‐19 disease. Reactive oxygen species are immunological regulatory elements of viral replication. Natural antioxidants exhibit potential action in preventing inflammation and organ dysfunction during viral infection. They also increase glutathione level, oxygenation rate, and immunological responses in the treatment of sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome. No wonder the selection of prevention, treatment, and cure of COVID‐19 and SARS‐CoV‐2 mainly depends upon the antiviral and immunoregulatory activity which they possess. Yet, their efficacy against COVID‐19 is of great concern and demands extensive study.
Klebsiella pneumonia is the second most causing agent of urinary tract bacterial infection among human beings. Its ability to grow and to produce siderophores is dependent on the iron content and the type of carbon sources in the culture medium. This study has aimed to find out the unique properties of siderophore production by Klebsiella species in fluctuating iron concentrations. The study was carried out on 252 urine samples collected from UTI patients at Doon (PG) Paramedical College and Teaching Hospital, Dehradun, India. All urine samples were tested microbiologically using standard procedure and biochemical panel tests were performed to identify and to isolate Klebsiella pneumonia from colonies obtained on differential media plate used for urine culture and the result was interpreted according to National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) guide line to confirm the Klebsiella pneumonia. Then CAS siderophore detection method was applied to quantify the siderophore production in various iron concentration supplied to culture medium. A total of 47 patients out of 252 UTI patients were found to be infected by Klebsiella pneumonia. Women were more prone to be UTI infected by Klebsiella pneumonia in comparison to men (14.89% men, 85.1% women). Most of the UTI patients infected by Klebsiella pneumonia were in the age group of 50-79 years (53.19%) which was followed by 20-49 years (23.40%) and 80-99 years (14.89%) respectively. Least people having age below 19 years old were prone to be urinary tract infected by Klebsiella pneumonia. In the same way, siderophore production was found to be increased significantly when there was no iron in the culture medium and its production was decreased gradually with increase in iron concentration up to 200mg/L in the culture medium. Siderophore is an important metabolite product for pathogenic Klebsiella pneumonia to survive and cause pathogenicity in low iron concentration medium.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2015, 1(1): 130-138
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