This study identified a total of 28 genetic loci (comprising 31 genes), which were found to be altered in oral cancer patients having a habit of tobacco smoking. Three loci, that is, 17p13.1 (
TP53
), 9p21.3 (
CDKN2A
), and 9q34.3 (
NOTCH1
) were found to be modified and common in three records whereas one locus, that is, 3q26.32 (
PIK3CA
) was found to be modified and common in two records. This study suggests that oral cancer patients should be categorized into different subgroups based on (i) genetic signatures, and (ii) smoking status, then the treatment strategies for each group should be precisely defined.
Galactoceles are the common benign cystic breast lesions during pregnancy and lactation. This report describes the cytological findings of a case of long standing galactocele which underwent crystallization and mimicked carcinoma clinically as well as on sonography. A young woman presented with a hard painless lump in the right breast. She noticed the lump during her pregnancy 2.5 years back. Clinically the lesion was hard and sonography was equivocal in categorizing the lesion. An FNAC was performed which showed granular amorphous material along with crystals of various shapes and sizes. A diagnosis of crystallizing galactocele was made and woman was assured about the benign nature of the lesion. The cytological findings of crystallizing galactocele have been reported in very few cases. In the present case, a detailed history and clinical examination followed by fine needle aspiration established the diagnosis of crystallizing galactocele.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.