Background/Aim: Children and adolescents are the sensitive groups for the development of mental disorders during the crisis. The aim of this systematic review is to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic regarding anxiety and depressive symptomatology in this population. Method: Investigation is based on a Systematic Review followed by PRISMA protocol including Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Global Health and APA Psyc Info data bases to identify relevant studies reporting anxiety and depressive symptoms among children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. 27 articles were included. Results: Anxiety symptoms increased from 28.3% before the pandemic to 49.5% during confinement (GAD-7 ? 11) (McNemar test p <0.0001). More depression symptomatology was found as well; weight and sleep changes are disturbances in children and adolescents? mental health. Additionally, female teenagers were experiencing grater declines in mood disorders than male teenagers during the COVID-19 crisis. On one hand, different positive correlations between anxiety and other variables, were found, such as clinical depressive symptoms and anxiety (3/14), smartphone and internet addiction (2/14), lower levels of family income (2/14), perceived threats (2/14), higher grades at school (2/14), loneliness (1/14). On the other hand, positive correlations were reported between depression and children and adolescents that were socially disconnected (3/17). Finally, mothers with higher levels of education and income were associated with more happiness (2/17). Conclusions: COVID-19 has a strong impact in children?s and adolescents? mental health regarding depression and anxiety symptoms. Prevention programs focused on coping strategies should also be considered to be delivered in elementary schools, middle schools and high schools. Mental health should become a priority matter for governments and the current pandemic could be an opportunity to highlight the importance of mental well-being and to invest in the betterment of clinical trainings, treatments and mental health research.
Kajmak is a very popular dairy product in Balkan countries, however, it is often a subject of adulteration. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of kajmak adulteration on its yield and composition, and determine the possibility of detecting the adulteration using the iodine and acid values and sensory evaluation of kajmak quality. In this study, experimental kajmak samples were produced from milk with increased fat contents (by 18 % and 36 %), via the addition of refined palm oil, pig fat and margarine to milk. The experimental kajmak samples had increased yield (21-32 %), changed composition and sensory quality. The control had the lowest iodine value (35.60), while the experimental kajmak with pig fat had the highest value of this constant (49.95), so the chemical constant - iodine value can be useful for detecting of adulterated milk fat in kajmak with refined palm oil, pig fat and margarine. However, these adulterants did not lead to a significant change in the acid value of the kajmak samples. The adulterants - refined palm oil and margarine in experimental kajmak samples could not be detected by sensory analysis.
Rodno zasnovano nasilje se smatra jednim od najrasprostranjenijih i najdrastičnijih oblika kršenja ženskih ljudskih prava i narušavanja ljudskog dostojanstva i jedan je od najčešćih pojavnih oblika diskriminacije nad ženama. Ovaj rad ima za cilj da predstavi skup međunarodno prenosivih standarda važnih za praksu prevencije i tretmana žena pogođenim partnerskim nasiljem i da analizira nacionalne dokumente i smernice za postupanje relevantnih institucija u slučajevima nasilja nad ženama. Osnovna hipoteza rada je da usvajanje i ratifikovanje međunarodnih konvencija, između ostalih i Konvencije o sprečavanju i borbi protiv nasilja nad ženama i nasilja u porodici, predstavlja inicijalni korak ka ostvarenju principa nulte tolerancije na nasilje i integriše ovaj princip u nacionalne politike koje su ključne za razvoj društva. Ovaj rad ukazuje da u Republici Srbiji postoji pravni i institucionalni okvir za sprečavanje nasilja nad ženama, ali da strateške mere i zakoni nisu dovoljno delotvorni, odnosno sveobuhvatni i koordinirani u zaštiti žena od svih vidova nasilja.
To start with identifying an emerging issue, the first part of the chapter will outline problems of abuse survivors related to trauma or those that appear to be unrelated in the first place but make effects of the traumatic experience harder to handle. Secondly, the chapter will explore barriers to mental health practitioners responding to domestic violence and abuse cases adequately. Thirdly, the focus will be on elaborating practices and principles that can apply in the mental health institutions to recognize the actual realities and needs of abuse survivors and prevent re-traumatization by using trauma-informed care. Finally, in the final part, the authors argue about whether it is reasonable to call for the shift from the medical view in reducing stigma around mental health problems to promote environmental and interpersonal explanations rather than biomedical. In line with the overall statistics on the dominant pattern of violence against women, this chapter will mainly focus on gender-specific mental health and abuse aspects.
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