Istraživanje se bavi utvrđivanjem specifičnih dimenzija ličnosti adolescenata "internet-zavisnika", ličnosti njihovih roditelja i karakteristika porodičnog funkcionisanja s ciljem boljeg razumevanja faktora rizika za razvojovog poremećaja. Uzorak je činilo 60 adolescenata oba pola, uzrasta od 15 do 18 godina, od toga 30 iz kliničke grupe "internet-zavisnika" i 30 ispitanika kontrolne grupe iz opšte populacije, kao i 120 roditelja, odnosno po 30 parova roditelja obe grupe adolescenata. U istraživanju su primenjeni upitnici za procenu zavisnosti od interneta (Young's Internet Adiction Test-IAT), za procenu ličnosti adolescenata (Belgrade Adolescent Personality Inventory-BAPI), ličnosti roditelja (Temperament and Character Inventory-Revisited-TCI-R) i procenu porodičnog funkcionisanja (Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale-FACES IV). Rezultati ukazuju na to da adolescente s problemom zavisnosti od interneta karakteriše visok stepen impulsivnosti i niska istrajnost, kao i nezreli aspekti karaktera koji regulišu odgovorno, ka cilju usmereno i kooperativno ponašanje. Očeviispitanika kliničke grupe imaju značajno više skorove na dimenziji Perzistencije, a majke na dimenziji Potrage za novinama, dok oba roditelja imaju povišene skorove na Self-transcendenciji, što potencijalno ukazuje na to da su manje dostupnisvojoj deci. Sve dimenzije koje se odnose na pozitivne aspekte porodičnog funkcionisanja kliničke grupe niske su prema proceni oba roditelja, dok je negativna dimenzija porodičnog funkcionisanja Haotičnost procenjena kao visoko izražena kod oba roditelja,

Background/Aim: Children and adolescents are the sensitive groups for the development of mental disorders during the crisis. The aim of this systematic review is to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic regarding anxiety and depressive symptomatology in this population. Method: Investigation is based on a Systematic Review followed by PRISMA protocol including Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Global Health and APA Psyc Info data bases to identify relevant studies reporting anxiety and depressive symptoms among children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. 27 articles were included. Results: Anxiety symptoms increased from 28.3% before the pandemic to 49.5% during confinement (GAD-7 ? 11) (McNemar test p <0.0001). More depression symptomatology was found as well; weight and sleep changes are disturbances in children and adolescents? mental health. Additionally, female teenagers were experiencing grater declines in mood disorders than male teenagers during the COVID-19 crisis. On one hand, different positive correlations between anxiety and other variables, were found, such as clinical depressive symptoms and anxiety (3/14), smartphone and internet addiction (2/14), lower levels of family income (2/14), perceived threats (2/14), higher grades at school (2/14), loneliness (1/14). On the other hand, positive correlations were reported between depression and children and adolescents that were socially disconnected (3/17). Finally, mothers with higher levels of education and income were associated with more happiness (2/17). Conclusions: COVID-19 has a strong impact in children?s and adolescents? mental health regarding depression and anxiety symptoms. Prevention programs focused on coping strategies should also be considered to be delivered in elementary schools, middle schools and high schools. Mental health should become a priority matter for governments and the current pandemic could be an opportunity to highlight the importance of mental well-being and to invest in the betterment of clinical trainings, treatments and mental health research.

The results show that the dimensions of personality can play an important role in etiopathogenesis of various disorders in adolescents.

Background/Aim. Attachment and emotion regulation skills are recognized as important factors in the development of depression, but their specifics have rarely been discussed in clinical adolescent population. The aim of our study was to investigate attachment and emotion regulation strategies in adolescents with depression. Methods. The sample consisted of 101 adolescents, age 16 to 24, divided into three groups: 1) 41 adolescents with the diagnosis of depressive disorder; 2) 30 adolescents with the diagnosis of anxiety disorder; 3) 30 health adolescents (without psychiatric diagnosis). The assessment was done by the following instruments: the Socio-demographic questionnaire; the Semistructured clinical interview (SCID-I) for the Diagnostic and Stratistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV); the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI); the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA) and Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ). Data were analyzed using MANCOVA and partial correlation, with gender, age and birth order as covariates. Results. The adolescents with depressive disorders had less secure attachment to mother and peers than the health adolescents and less secure attachment to father comparing to other two groups (MAN-COVA F = 4.571; p = 0.000). The adolescents with anxiety disorder had less secure attachment to father and peers compared to the healthy adolescents group (p < 0.05). The depressed adolescents used the strategy of cognitive reappraisal less often than both control groups (MANCOVA F = 5.200; p = 0.001). Subjective experience of depressive symptoms was related to insecure attachments to both parents and peers (r =-0.457;-0.436;-0.349; p = 0.000), as well as to lower use of cognitive reappraisal (r =-0.446; p = 0.000). Conclusion. Our findings related the adolescent depression to insecure attachment in all domains, with the specific weakness in emotion regulation (weak cognitive reappraisal). The findings could have practical implications for preventive and therapeutic interventions.

Personality inventories for assessment and study temperament and character of adolescents, an age critical for the finalisation of both normal and pathological mental development, have not been specifically developed. In this paper, we introduce a new personality inventory based on Cloninger's Psychobiological model of personality to assess adolescents from 14 to 18 years of age (the Belgrade Adolescent Personality Inventory-BAPI), which bridges the gap between personality assessment in children and adults. The BAPI is a 46-item Likert scale inventory derived from previous studies using the TCI and JTCI on the Serbian sample. The psychometric properties of the BAPI were tested on the sample of 535 secondary school students in Serbia, aged 15 to 16. In order to assess the fit of the model, the Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed. The differences between sexes were analysed by MANOVA, while the Latent class analysis (LCA) was applied in order to identify different adaptation profiles among adolescents. The BAPI scales had a satisfactory internal consistency (.66-.80.) considering the small number of items (5-6) in each scale. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) generally supported the main dimensions of temperament and character, as postulated by Cloninger. The only exception was Novelty Seeking, which best fitted a two-factor solution, Explorative curiosity and Impulsivity, separating the "good" (curious, inquisitive, creative) and "bad" (impulsive, impatient, disorderly) facets of this trait. Such polarity of Novelty Seeking could be specific for personality development and behaviour disorders in adolescence. The LCA differentiated the personality profiles of well-adapted adolescents from those at risk for maladaptation that manifested low character 1 Rad je nastao u okviru naučno-istrazivačkog projekta Temperament i struktura poremećaja ličnosti (evidencioni broj: 175013), koji finansira Ministarstvo prosvete, nauke i tehnološkog razvoja Republike Srbije.