Optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM), a promising microscopic imaging technique with high ultrasound resolution and superior optical sensitivity, can provide anatomical, functional, and molecular information at scales ranging from the microvasculature to single red blood cells. In particular, real-time OR-PAM imaging with a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is a prerequisite for widespread use in preclinical and clinical applications. Although several technical approaches have been pursued to simultaneously improve the imaging speed and SNR of OR-PAM, they are bulky, complex, not sensitive, and/or not actually real-time. In this paper, we demonstrate a simple and novel OR-PAM technique which is based on a typical galvanometer immersed in non-conducting liquid. Using an opto-ultrasound combiner, this OR-PAM system achieves a high SNR and fast imaging speed. It takes only 2 seconds to acquire a volumetric image with a wide field of view (FOV) of 4 × 8 mm2 along the X and Y axes, respectively. The measured lateral and axial resolutions are 6.0 and 37.7 μm, respectively. Finally, as a demonstration of the system’s capability, we successfully imaged the microvasculature in a mouse ear in vivo. Our new method will contribute substantially to the popularization and commercialization of OR-PAM in various preclinical and clinical applications.
An application of spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) was demonstrated for a fast industrial inspection of an optical thin film panel. An optical thin film sample similar to a liquid crystal display (LCD) panel was examined. Two identical SD-OCT systems were utilized for parallel scanning of a complete sample in half time. Dual OCT inspection heads were utilized for transverse (fast) scanning, while a stable linear motorized translational stage was used for lateral (slow) scanning. The cross-sectional and volumetric images of an optical thin film sample were acquired to detect the defects in glass and other layers that are difficult to observe using visual inspection methods. The rapid inspection enabled by this setup led to the early detection of product defects on the manufacturing line, resulting in a significant improvement in the quality assurance of industrial products.
Corneal transplantation by full-thickness penetrating keratoplasty with human donor tissue is a widely accepted treatment for damaged or diseased corneas.Although corneal transplantation has a high success rate, a shortage of highquality donor tissue is a considerable limitation. Therefore, bioengineered corneas could be an effective solution for this limitation, and a decellularized extracellular matrix comprises a promising scaffold for their fabrication. In this study, three-dimensional bioprinted decellularized collagen sheets were implanted into the stromal layer of the cornea of five rabbits. We performed in vivo noninvasive monitoring of the rabbit corneas using swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT) after implanting the collagen sheets. Anterior segment OCT images and averaged amplitude-scans were acquired biweekly to monitor corneal thickness after implantation for 1 month. The averaged cornea thickness in the control images was 430.3 ± 5.9 μm, while the averaged thickness after corneal implantation was 598.5 ± 11.8 μm and 564.5 ± 12.5 μm at 2 and 4 weeks, respectively. The corneal thickness reduction of 34 μm confirmed the biocompatibility through the image analysis of the depth-intensity profile base. Moreover, hematoxylin and eosin staining supported the biocompatibility evaluation of the bioprinted decellularized collagen sheet implantation. Hence, the developed bioprinted decellularized collagen sheets could become an alternative solution to human corneal donor tissue, and the proposed image analysis procedure could be beneficial to confirm the success of the surgery. Jaeseok Park, Kyoung-Pil Lee and Hyeonji Kim contributed equally to this work.
A large field-of-view and fast scanning of photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) relatively have been difficult to obtain due to the water-drowned structure of the system for the transmission of ultrasonic signals. Researchers have widely studied the achievement of a waterproof scanner for dynamic biological applications with a high-resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio. This Letter reports a novel, to the best of our knowledge, waterproof galvanometer scanner-based PAM system with a successfully attainable 9.0 m m × 14.5 m m scan region, amplitude scan rate of 40 kHz, and spatial resolution of 4.9 µm. The in vivo characterization of a mouse brain in intact-skull microvascular visualization demonstrated its capability in biomedical imaging and is anticipated to be an effective technique for various preclinical and clinical studies.
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