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Structured Summary Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is a growing public health problem, and for the first time in decades there are new drugs for treatment of this disease. These new drugs have prompted strengthened efforts in DR-TB clinical trials research, and there are now multiple ongoing and planned DR-TB clinical trials. To facilitate comparability and maximize policy impact, a common set of core research definitions is needed, and this paper presents a core set of efficacy and safety definitions as well as other important considerations in DR-TB clinical trials work. In order to elaborate these definitions, a search of clinical trials registries, published manuscripts, and conference proceedings was undertaken to identify groups conducting trials of new regimens for the treatment of DR-TB. Individuals from these groups developed the core set of definitions presented here. Further work is needed to validate and assess the utility of these definitions but they represent an important first step to ensure there is comparability in MDR-TB clinical trials.

All breast lumps are considered to be carcinomas until proved otherwise and are acause of concern both for the patient and surgeon. The study was undertaken to knowthe histological spectrum of breast disease at B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences(BPKIHS). BPKIHS is a recently started Medical University in the easternregion of Nepal. No data regarding breast diseases in this region is available as yet.152 breast tissues sent for histopathology from Jan. 96 - Dec. 98 were studied. Peakincidence of benign lesion was in 21 to 30 years and malignant lesions in 31 to 50years. No breast lesions were seen in the first decade of life. Cancer was seen in18.42% of cases. Fibroadenoma & Fibrocystic disease were the commonest benign &infiltrating duct carcinoma the commonest malignant lesion. Specimens from 10 malebreasts were received. Gynaecomastia was the commonest lesion in the males. Infiltratingduct carcinoma was seen in a 70 years male. Some uncommon breast lesionslike Syringocystadenoma & cysticercosis were also seen. In 3.28% of cases no lesionswere seen.Key Words: Breast, Fibroadenoma, Fibrocystic disease,carcinoma, Gynaecomastia.

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