As the Internet Protocol TV (IPTV) service enters the broadcasting market, the competition intensifies. This paper explains the factors influencing new media subscription and their influential differences on IPTV and digital cable TV (DCTV). We use the information systems success model and gratification opportunity theory to develop our research model. We sample 621 people and collect their responses through web-based measuring software. Structural model analysis shows that the willingness to subscribe to a new broadcasting medium is influenced by three characteristics of the medium: media richness, interactivity, and video quality. Multigroup analysis reveals that motivation to use a medium partially differs between IPTV and DCTV. This research concludes that the IPTV service is not attractive enough to act as a substitute for the already existing DCTV. In addition, for the IPTV service to proliferate, its business model should be promoted with new and differentiated revenue structures and services. The managerial implications in this study help new media businesses set business goals and product functionality, and allocate resources for the continued diffusion of IPTV.
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine how user-perceived video quality, measured by computer assisted web survey, interacts with content richness (CR) and interactivity (IA). It also analyzes how those internet protocol television (IPTV) idiosyncrasies impacts audience perceptions (perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived resistance (PR)) and actual subscriptions. Design/methodology/approach – A computer assisted web survey was administered in Korea to collect data. A structural equation model and Z-test analyses were conducted to address the research hypotheses. Findings – User-perceived video quality influences audience perceptions (PU and PR) through interaction with CR and IA. Subscriber perceptions have a causal relationship with IPTV subscriptions. Practical implications – Balanced improvement of the IPTV value chain, from content to technical (platform, network, and terminal) perspectives, are necessary for IPTV diffusion. Also, IPTV providers should establish the diffusion strategies, minimizing the user-perceived restrictiveness as well as maximizing the PU. Originality/value – This study shows computer assisted assessment of video quality can be applied to behavior science. The research model suggests PR, which has been relatively unnoticed is included in existing technology acceptance theories. The introduced antecedents of IPTV subscriptions can be referred to as key performance indicators regarding new media adoption studies.
A series of reversible watermarking technologies have been proposed to increase embedding capacity and the quality of the watermarked image simultaneously. The major skills include difference expansion, histogram shifting, and optimizing embedding order. In this paper, an accurate predictor is proposed to enhance the difference expansion. An efficient sorter is also suggested to find a more desirable embedding order. The payload is differently distributed into two sub-images, split like a chessboard pattern, for better watermarked image quality. Simulation results of the accurate prediction and sorter based on the payload balancing method yield generally better performance over previous methods. The gap is wide, in particular, in low payload for natural images. The peak signal-to-noise ratio improvement is around 2 dB in low payload ranges.
1 Abstract-Since the concept of reversible data hiding technique was introduced, many researchers have applied it for authentication of uncompressed images. In this paper, an algorithm is introduced to compress JPEG files again without any loss in image quality. The proposed method can modify an entire segment of VLC codeword sequence to embed a bit of data. The modified codewords may destroy the correlation, or the smoothness, between neighboring pixels of the recovered image. The data extractor utilizes the smoothness change to know the hidden data. For this, a novel smoothness measurement function which uses both inter-and intra-MAD values is proposed. When the smoothness change is small, two consecutive segments are concatenated to extract correct data with higher smoothness sensitivity. As a result, compression ratio or embedding capacity is increased in most natural images.
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