Primary hepatic neoplasms are usually composed of hepatocytes, biliary epithelial cells, endothelial cells, or a combination of these with various mesenchymal cells, and typically arise in older animals (Chege et al, 2015).The primary hepatic neoplasms are generally classified as cholangiocarcinoma (CC), hepatocellular adenoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (Goodman, 2007).The CC is a primary adenocarcinoma arising from biliary tracts and considered as the second most frequent primary hepatic neoplasm. The hepatocellular adenoma, a benign tumor, is uncommon but appears solid, and presumable epithelial origin that usually develops in a healthy liver. Meanwhile, the HCC is the most frequent form of primary hepatic neoplasm (Goodman, 2007). It is commonly composed of tumor cells that resemble hepatocytes, and consists of a single variable mass that develops and replaces the parenchyma (Chege et al, 2015). The histological diagnosis of the HCC poses many challenges particularly due to its heterogeneity, and the difficulty to confirm a differential diagnosis in some instances (Quaglia, 2018).Hepatic neoplasms have been frequently reported in captive wild animals, including Polar bear (Ursus maritimus), Malayan sun bear (U. malayanus), Sloth bear (U. ursinus), Eurasian badger (Meles meles), and antelopes,
This case report is about hemolymph nodes found in a dairy cow whose function is still not fully elucidated. A 4-month Holstein cow presented severe respiratory symptoms and hematochezia for a while with respiratory acidosis and metabolic alkalosis. Coccidiosis was diagnosed and treated immediately, but the cow died from respiratory acidosis and metabolic alkalosis. At necropsy, no abnormal appearance in thoracic and peritoneal organs was observed, but hemolymph nodes were observed being multifocally stuck on omasum serosa and the subcutaneous fascia of abdominal region, and the larger dark red lymph nodes were found along the omasum great curvature. Microscopically, lymphoid depletion and lymphadenitis in the lymph nodes were examined to point systemic infection, and in the hemolymph node, multifocally demarcated pale lesions with macrophage infiltration and fibrin deposition nearby subcapsular sinus. In subcapsular sinus of the hemolymph node, rod to linear gram-negative bacteria were found. Through this study, we might conclude that the hemolymph node is involved in pathogen phagocytosis.
The applications of artificial intelligence (AI) can provide useful solutions to animal infectious diseases and their impact on humans. The advent of AI learning algorithms and recognition technologies is especially advantageous in applied studies, including the detection, analysis, impact assessment, simulation, and prediction of environmental impacts on malignant animal epidemics. To this end, this study specifically focused on environmental pollution and animal diseases. While the number of related studies is rapidly increasing, the research trends, evolution, and collaboration in this field are not yet well-established. We analyzed the bibliographic data of 1191 articles on AI applications to environmental pollution and animal diseases during the period of 2000∼2019; these articles were collected from the Web of Science (WoS). The results revealed that PR China and the United States are the leaders in research production, impact, and collaboration. Finally, we provided research directions and practical implications for the incorporation of AI applications to address environmental impacts on animal diseases.
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