Sustainable catalytic conversion of amines to alcohols was realized in the presence of iridium catalysts and aqueous glycerol. Iridium catalysts involving bis‐N‐heterocyclic carbene (bis‐NHC) show good reactivity and stability in the conversion of amines into alcohols in aqueous glycerol. The reaction was initiated with the dehydrogenation of amines and followed by hydrolysis and reduction. Iridium catalysts play dual roles in both the dehydrogenation and reduction steps. By employing glycerol as a solvent and hydrogen source, the final reduction was facilitated. The synthesis and characterization of various Ir(bis‐NHC) complexes are described along with the catalytic reaction results of the amine into alcohol conversion.
Severity of liver dysfunction was associated with endotoxemia. Although gut barrier function did not show a significant relationship with endotoxemia, increased intestinal permeability may be a significant finding that at least in part is associated with the pathophysiology of viral liver cirrhosis.
A simple sulfonylation strategy involving I2 and thiosulfonates, as sulfonyl‐group precursors, is reported for the synthesis of vinyl sulfones. Sulfonyl radicals are presumed to be generated from thiosulfonates, which subsequently react with styrene or cinnamic acid derivatives to afford a variety of vinyl sulfones under the described reaction conditions. Detailed conditions, the substrate scope, and mechanistic studies are discussed.
An uncooled microbolometer image sensor, used in an IR image sensor, is made by a micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) process, so the value of the microbolometer resistor has a process variation. Also, the reference resistor, which is used to connect to the microbolometer, is fabricated by a standard CMOS process, and the difference between the values of the microbolometer resistor and the reference resistor generates an unwanted output signal for the same input from the sensor array. In order to minimize this problem, a new CMOS read-out integrated circuit (ROIC) was designed. Instead of a single input mode, a differential input mode scheme and a simple method to compensate the resistor value are proposed. Using results from a computer simulation, it is observed that the output characteristic of the ROIC was improved and the effect of the process variation was decreased without using complex compensation circuits. Based on the simulation results, a prototype device including an ROIC that was fabricated by a standard 0.25um CMOS process and a microbolometer with a 16 x 16 sensor array was fabricated and characterized.
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