The aims of this study are the description of diversity for proteorhodopsin (PR)‐containing flavobacteria in marine environments, the finding of novel photoreceptive membrane proteins, and the elucidation of the effect of light on the growth of three rhodopsin genes containing flavobacterium. We investigated novel sodium ion rhodopsin (NaR) and halorhodopsin (HR) genes from PR‐containing flavobacteria that were previously isolated from diverse aquatic sites, mainly from tidal flat sediment (62.5%). In 16 PR‐containing isolates, three new types of genes were found. Among these three isolates, one (Nonlabens sp. YIK11 isolated from sediment) contained both the NaR and chloride ion rhodopsin (ClR) ‐ HR type of gene. The sequences showed that the DTE (proton pump), NDQ (sodium ion pump) and NTQ (chloride ion pump) motifs corresponding to the D85, T89, and D96 positions in bacteriorhodopsin (BR) were well conserved. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that three NaR and one ClR grouped within the same clade, as previously reported. Illumination of cell suspensions showed the change in proton pump activity, supporting that one or more rhodopsins are functional. The qRT‐PCR study revealed that three rhodopsin genes, especially NaR, are highly induced when they are incubated in the presence of light or in the absence of sufficient nutrients. The expression levels of the DTE, NDQ, and NTQ motif‐containing rhodopsin genes in YIK11 correlate positively with illumination, but negatively with nutrient levels. Based on those results, we concluded that light has a positive impact on the relative expression levels of the three rhodopsin genes in the flavobacterium, Nonlabens sp. YIK11, but with no apparent positive impact on growth. Consequently, light did not stimulate the growth of YIK11 as determined by cell numbers in a nutrient‐limited or ‐enriched medium, although it contains and induces three rhodopsins.
Kor'di.a. N.L. fem. n. Kordia arbitrary name derived from the acronym KORDI , which stands for Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute. Bacteroidetes / Flavobacteriia / Flavobacteriales / Flavobacteriaceae / Kordia Straight rods . Nonmotile and nongliding. Gram‐stain‐negative. Strictly aerobic. Oxidase‐positive, but catalase‐negative. Produce extracellular polysaccharides and carotenoid‐type pigments , but not flexirubin‐type pigments. Several carbohydrates are used as sole carbon sources. Unable to grow in the absence of any of the ions Na + , Ca 2 + , and Mg 2 + . Require 1–5 % ( w / v ) NaCl for growth , with optimal growth in 3% NaCl. Degrade gelatin, skimmed milk, and starch. Major cellular fatty acids are saturated iso‐branched and 3‐hydroxy iso‐branched fatty acids. The respiratory quinone is menaquinone‐6. DNA G + C content ( mol %): 34. Type species : Kordia algicida Sohn, Lee, Yi, Chun, Bae, Ahn and Kim 2004 , 678 VP .
At the pressure range of 30~200 Torr in EEFLs, the lifetimes will be discussed to be about 60,000 hours in the long run operation of 11,000 hours. In the test of lamp failure, pinhole formation has been shown to be the insulation layer breakdown of glass in the dielectric barrier discharge of capacitive coupled EEFLs.
Summary:A 66-year-old right-handed man developed seizures characterized by an electric sensation and convulsive movements involving the left arm, which sometimes secondarily generalized. The patient, however, reported that the seizures occurred in his right arm. Neurological examination showed many features of left hemineglect, including allesthesia, secondary to acute infarction of the right parietal lobe.Although allesthetic response was not documented during the seizure, it is likely that sensory symptoms of the seizures were localized inappropriately or that he had false memory for lateralization of seizures. In this case, the neglect syndrome caused by infarction of the right parietal lobe extended to symptoms of the seizure itself. Key Words: AllesthesiaNeglect-Seizure-Cerebral infarction-Right parietal lobe.Unilateral ictal somatosensory, motor, and visual phenomena are generally reliable indicators of the hemisphere of seizure onset, whereas other types of phenomena provide less reliable lateralizing information (1). As an exception, we report a patient with a right hemispheric infarction who incorrectly indicated that his seizures began in the ipsilateral arm and hand. CASE REPORTA 66-year-old right-handed man was admitted to the hospital because of partial seizures. His son had noticed that his father's left shoulder drooped and that he had begun dragging his left foot several hours before the first seizure. On the day of admission, he developed five partial seizures, three of which secondarily generalized. There was recovery of consciousness between seizures. He recalled that his seizures began abruptly with an electric sensation in his right hand and that his right hand became twisted. However, his family and attending physicians observed dystonic postures and clonic movements of his left hand and arm at the beginning of the seizures and postictal left hemiparesis.The patient drank alcohol socially and smoked one pack of cigarettes a day. General medical examination was unremarkable. The day after admission, he was alert and oriented but indifferent to his neurological deficits. He had Accepted September 13, 1996. Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. K. Heo at Department of Neurology, Pusan-Paik Hospital, 633-165 Kaikum-Dong, Pusanjin-Ku, Pusan 614-735, Korea. mild dysarthria, a left homonymous hemianopsia, mild left hemiparesis, and slight bradykinesia on the left. He recognized that his left-sided arm and leg belonged to him. There was no aphasia, acalculia, or left-right disorientation. He could not draw a cube or cross well, and when he performed a crossing-out task he failed to strike out 17 of the 36 marks, all of which were on the left side. He also bisected a line far to the right. When tested for extinction, with use of unilateral right-hand tactile and right-sided auditory stimuli, his performance was flawless. However, when given unilateral left-hand tactile and left-sided auditory stimuli, he detected all stimuli but displaced the stimuli to the right hand and ear in most tr...
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