Objectives:To identify consumers’ tendencies regarding contact lens (CL) use in order to develop recommendations for messages to include in education for safe CL use and in public awareness campaigns.Materials and Methods:Subjects living in Ankara, Turkey who used eyeglasses and/or contact lenses due to refractive error were included in the study. CL users’ reasons for choosing CLs for vision correction, CL-related problems they encountered, and their perceptions regarding safe CL use education and regular ophthalmologic follow-up visits were evaluated using a survey completed by 917 participants.Results:In total, 836 survey forms were included in the analysis. Most of the participants were female (59.6%), university students (91.4%), and 18-30 years old (68.9%). According to the survey results, 64.6% of eyeglass users stated that they had never tried CLs, while 17.7% reported using CLs regularly. Most of the participants (61.7%) said they visit an ophthalmologist only when they needed, while 33.1% claimed to attend regular follow-up. When all participants were considered, the level of satisfaction with glasses was 3.11 out of 5, while CL users reported satisfaction of 4.15 out of 5. Most (78.6%) of the CL users said they started using CL by their own initiative, most commonly due to a dislike of eyeglasses. The most frequent complaint from CL users was dry eye and discomfort in the evening. The most common source of CL use education was ophthalmologists (55.5% of the participants), followed by opticians (28.2%).Conclusion:Incorrect and inappropriate information on CL usage may lead to problems that can threaten eye health. The results of our study suggest that providing accurate information through concise messages in physician-supervised education and raising awareness through the media may be beneficial to public health. Therefore, we identified messages about CL usage and quality of life, safety, and the rules for proper use.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a comprehensive model of the relationship between control and sales performance contingent upon the commitment and adaptive selling variables. Specifically, the study tests the mediator effects of adaptive selling and organizational commitment on the effect of managerial control systems on self-assessed performance of the salespeople working in the field of industrial marketing. Design/methodology/approach In total, 472 firms active in the industrial marketing field for tangible industry products in Turkey were selected for the research. The proposed model that tested posits relationships among management control variables and adaptive selling, organizational commitment and sales performance measures. Management controls are related to sales performance through the mediating effect of adaptive selling and organizational commitment. Management control styles (output as formal and professional as informal) were the independent variables, while changes in organizational commitment and adaptive selling were tested both as mediators and sales performance as dependent variable, consistent with the reciprocal effects model under analysis. Findings The findings demonstrated that “control” is positively associated with “sales performance” and “commitment” and “adaptive selling” mediate this relationship. Findings indicate that control impacts sales performance through a mediating mechanism that involves adaptive selling and commitment. Taken together, results showed that adaptive selling and commitment played a critical role in sales performance. Originality/value This research is the first to empirically analyse the model regarding the relationship between sales performance, control, adaptive selling and commitment variables.

This paper aims to present a perspective to better understand corporate identity through examining the perceptions of Turkish patients and develop a corporate visual identity scale. While there is no study related to corporate identity research on hospitals in Turkey as a developing country, understanding consumer's perceptions about corporate identity efforts of hospitals could provide different perspectives for recruiters. When the hospitals are considered in two different groups as university and state hospitals, the priority of the characteristics of corporate visual identity may change, whereas the top five characteristics remain the same for all the hospitals.

Purpose -This study aims to investigate the influence of preschool children at ages 5 to 6 on purchasing decisions among well-to-do families and its relation with such factors as number of children, product related criteria (low risk, high risk, used by whole family, used by children) and mother's employment status.Design/methodology/approach -Quantitative analysis was conducted on data from 257 responses to a 26-item questionnaire from parents of children in 12 private kindergartens in Ankara, Turkey.Findings -Most parents acknowledge that their children do influence their purchasing decisions. Findings also revealed that mother's employment status, child's gender and the number of children in the family are the determining factors for the children's influence on the decision of the family to purchase certain product types.Research limitations/implications -This is an exploratory study and has limited generalizability as it was conducted solely in one city, Ankara, Turkey. Any further research should contrast perspectives both from other cities in Turkey and other countries.Practical implications -It is suggested that products for which the child exerts least influence on the purchasing decision of the family are those which carry high purchasing risk and used by the whole family, whereas the greatest influence of the child on the purchasing decision of the family lies on the products with low risk and used by the whole family.Originality/value -Turkey, is located between Europe and Asia and shares mostly collectivist values. The findings contribute to the understanding of children's influence on family purchasing decisions in this country and provide an opportunity to conduct cross-national studies. Further, the paper provides insight for marketers about which product advertising is effective on children.