Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of subantimicrobial-dose doxycycline (SDD) as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SrP) treatment against the nitrosative stress of moderate to advanced chronic periodontitis. Methods: Adults with untreated chronic periodontitis (n=174) were randomly administered SrP+SDD (n=87) (20 mg of doxycycline twice daily) or SrP+placebo (n=87) treatment for 3 months. At baseline and after 3 months, the probing depths (PD), bleeding on probing (bOP) and clinical attachment level (CAl) were measured, and a gingivomucosal biopsy was collected to assay the induction of nitric oxide synthase (inOS) and 3-nitrotyrosine (3nT), and blood was collected to assay for total nitrites and nitrates (nO x ) and 3nT. Results: Compared to baseline, at the completion of treatment, significant decreases in the levels of tissue inOS and 3nT and serum nO x and 3nT were observed in both groups. SrP+SDD yielded a greater reduction in the gingivomucosal and serum nitrosative stress markers than did SrP+placebo. PD, bOP, and CAl reduction were correlated with the nitrosative stress parameters. Conclusion: On a short-term basis, SDD therapy may be used as an adjunct to SrP treatment against nitrosative stress in moderate to advanced chronic periodontitis.

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This study confirms that fractal analysis was a good method to assess the complex morphological changes and correlations with the nitro-oxidative stress in PI. Short-term low-dose IBU treatment consistently improved gingival status and reduced systemic nitro-oxidative stress.

It has been shown that fractal and multifractal analysis of tissue images as a non-invasive technique could be used to measure contrasting morphologic changes within human gingival cells and tissues and can provide detailed information for investigation of healthy and diseased gingival mucosa from patients with GCP.

Background and aimsPeriodontitis is a chronic inflammation that involves nitro-oxidative stress with damaging periodontal structural effects. We aimed to evaluate the consequences of low-dose cimetidine on nitro-oxidative stress in periodontitis.MethodsA rat model of ligature-induced periodontitis was used. After two weeks, the periodontitis groups were treated with cimetidine, aminoguanidine, N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester and trolox for one week. On day 21, blood was drawn and the serum analyzed for measurement of total nitrites and nitrates, total oxidative status, total antioxidant response, and oxidative stress index.ResultsCimetidine had an inhibitory effect on the synthesis of nitric oxide (p=0.001), total oxidative status (p=0.01) and oxidative stress index (p=0.01). Total antioxidant reactivity was increased by cimetidine (p=0.01). The effects of cimetidine were almost like those of aminoguanidine, NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, and trolox.ConclusionsLow-dose cimetidine can be used as adjunctive host modulatory therapy in chronic periodontitis because it reduces nitro-oxidative stress.

Periodontal diseases are a group of chronic in lammatory diseases that affect the supporting tissues of the dentition. Periodontitis is one of the most frequent periodontal diseases. It is induced by the dental plaque bacteria in association with an abnormal host immune response to these microorganisms and their products in disease susceptible individuals (Machida et al., 2014; Craig et al., 2007). It is characterized by gingival bleeding, periodontal pocket formation, destruction of connective tissue attachment, and alveolar bone resorption. In periodontal lesions leukocytes produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), as an initial host defense against the bacterial pathogens (Tomofuji et al., 2011). ROS includes superoxide,