Objective To evaluate the effects of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019 (HN019) on clinical periodontal parameters (plaque accumulation and gingival bleeding), on immunocompetence of gingival tissues [expression of beta-defensin (BD)-3, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), cluster of differentiation(CD)-57 and CD-4], and on immunological properties of saliva (IgA levels) in non-surgical periodontal therapy in generalized chronic periodontitis (GCP) patients. Adhesion to buccal epithelial cells (BEC) and the antimicrobial properties of HN019 were also investigated. Materials and methods Thirty patients were recruited and monitored clinically at baseline (before scaling and root planing-SRP) and after 30 and 90 days. Patients were randomly assigned to Test (SRP +Probiotic, n = 15) or Control (SRP+Placebo, n = 15) group. Probiotic lozenges were used for 30 days. Gingival tissues and saliva were immunologically analyzed. The adhesion of HN019 with or without Porphyromonas gingivalis in BEC and its antimicrobial properties were investigated in in vitro assays. Data were statistically analyzed (p<0.05). Results Test group presented lower plaque index (30 days) and lower marginal gingival bleeding (90 days) when compared with Control group. Higher BD-3, TLR4 and CD-4 expressions were

Aim: This randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluated the effects of multispecies probiotic containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001™, Lactobacillus paracasei Lpc-37 ® , and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp lactis HN019™ as an adjunct to mechanical debridement (MD) on changes in bleeding on probing (BOP) in edentulous patients with peri-implant mucositis (PiM). Materials and Methods: Patients were randomly assigned to test (probiotic) or control (placebo) groups. All sites with PiM received MD and topical gel application (probiotic or placebo) at baseline and 12 weeks. After initial MD, patients consumed probiotic or placebo capsules twice a day for 12 weeks. Clinical (modified sulcus bleeding index [mSBI]; modified plaque index [mPI]; probing depth [PD]; and BOP) and immunological parameters were collected at baseline and after 12 and 24 weeks. Data were statistically analysed (p < .05).Results: Thirty-six patients with PiM were recruited. The test group presented higher prevalence (p < .05) of cases of restored peri-implant health at 24 weeks than did the control group (72.2% and 33.3%, respectively). No significant difference was observed between test (n = 18) and control (n = 18) groups for mPI and PD. mSBI %-score 0 was higher in the test group than in the control group at 24 weeks (p < .05). When compared with baseline, both groups presented reduced BOP at 12 and 24 weeks (p < .05). BOP was lower in the test group than in the control group at 12 (mean difference = À14.54%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = À28.87 to 0.22; p = .0163) and 24 (mean difference = À12.56%; 95% CI = À26.51 to 1.37; p = .0090) weeks. At 24 weeks, only the test group presented lower levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α than those at baseline (p < .05). Conclusions:The multispecies probiotic (administered locally and systemically) containing L. rhamnosus HN001™, L. paracasei Lpc-37 ® , and B. lactis HN019™ as an adjunct to repeated MD promotes additional clinical and immunological benefits in the treatment of PiM in edentulous patients (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04187222).

Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus HD100 on experimental periodontitis (EP) in rats. Methods Thirty‐two rats were divided into four groups: control, C‐HD100 (B. bacteriovorus), EP, and EP‐HD100. On day 0, EP was induced by the placement of cotton ligatures around the mandibular first molars (MFMs) in the EP and EP‐HD100 groups. In the C‐HD100 and EP‐HD100 groups, suspensions containing 1 × 109 PUF/ml of B. bacteriovorus HD100 were topically administered to the subgingival region of MFMs on days 0, 3, and 7. Animals were euthanized on day 14. Morphometrics analyses were performed in hemimandibles. The levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), interleukin (IL)‐6, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)‐1, IL‐10, IL‐1β, transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β), macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (M‐CSF) and regulated on activation and normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) were determined by enzymatic immunoassays in gingival tissues. Beta defensin (BD)‐1, BD‐2, and BD‐3, Toll‐like receptors (TLR)‐2 and TLR‐4, and a cluster of differentiation (CD)‐4, CD‐8 and CD‐57 were analyzed by immunohistochemistry in hemimandibles. Data were statistically analyzed. Results The EP group showed greater alveolar bone loss than EP‐HD100 (p < .05). The EP‐HD100 group showed higher levels of MCP‐1, RANTES, IL‐10, and TGF‐β, lower levels of TNF‐α than the EP group (p < .05). No differences were observed in IL‐1β, IL‐6, and M‐CSF levels between EP and EP‐HD100 groups. The C‐HD100 group had higher IL‐6, TNF‐α, RANTES, and MCP‐1 levels than the control group (p < .05). Regarding BD, the EP‐HD100 group showed a larger immunolabeling pattern for BD‐1, BD‐2, and BD‐3 than the EP group (p < .05). No significant differences in the immunolabeling pattern were observed for TLR‐2, TLR‐4, CD‐4, CD‐8, and CD‐57 between EP and EP‐HD100 groups. Conclusion The topical use of B. bacteriovorus HD100 reduces alveolar bone loss, increases expression of BD, and modulates the cytokines levels on periodontal tissues in rats with EP.

Among the treatment options for Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) we have surgery to correct dentofacial deformities. OSA patients are routinely and predictably submitted to surgical treatment for dentofacial deformities. Frequently, orthognathic surgery and osseointegrated implants may be necessary to enable fixed rehabilitation. Patients submitted to orthognathic surgery have a transient decrease in blood supply after maxillary and mandibular osteotomy procedures, which can impair the results in these cases. This case report aimed to present and discuss the conflicting situation of an OSA patient in need of orthognathic surgery and dental implants. The treatment consisted of: (1) extraction of all teeth; (2) complete rehabilitation of the upper and lower jaw with dental implants and prosthesis without compensation; (3) bimaxillary orthognathic surgery to re-establish the maxillomandibular relationship and increase the upper airway volume. This rehabilitation sequence was a safe alternative for a case of Class II OSA, and rapidly achieved a final restoration with enhanced esthetics, functionality, biomechanics, maintenance of oral hygiene, and patient satisfaction.