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Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC) is a rare genetic disorder in which the affected individuals tend to develop cutaneous leiomyomas, uterine leiomyomas, and renal cell cancer (RCC). Within the spectrum of this syndromic disease, RCC is the most severe manifestation, occurring at a younger age compared to the sporadic form. Pathological suspicion or diagnosis of HLRCC is critical for appropriate clinical management and genetic counseling of the affected family members. In this study, we report the case of a 27-year-old misdiagnosed carrier of HLRCC phenotype, who presented with a large solitary Type II papillary RCC.

Background/Aims: Sacral neuromodulation (SNM) is a well-established treatment in several urinary and bowel dysfunctions, nevertheless its role on sexual dysfunction remains unclear. We evaluate the impact of SNM on sexual function and its association with age at SNM, functional diagnosis and post-void residual urine (PVR) before SNM. Methods: Patients who had SNM were retrospectively analyzed. Sexual function was assessed before and after treatment with the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) for men and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) for women. IIEF-5 and FSFI were also associated with age at SNM, functional diagnosis, and PVR. Results: Fifteen females and 9 males, with a median age of 41 years (26-72 years), median follow-up 20.7 months (2-53 months) were enrolled. IIEF-5 improved in 4 patients (p = 0.06), and FSFI total score in 5 (p = 0.2). There was significant association between functional diagnosis and FSFI total score (p = 0.05), and FSFI specific domains of arousal (p = 0.03), lubrication (p = 0.04), and satisfaction (p = 0.03), with significant improvement showed in patients with detrusor overactivity with impaired contractility. Conclusion: Although gains observed in IIEF-5 and FSFI were modest, our preliminary results show that SNM may have favorable impact on sexual function.

Background/Aims: Laparoscopy is a widespread surgical approach for many urological conditions. Achieving prof-ciency in laparoscopic surgery requires considerable effort due to the steep learning curve. Several residency programs include standardized laparoscopic training periods in their curricula. Our aim was to systematically analyze the evidence on the current status of training in laparoscopy in different residency programs in urology. Methods: We performed a systematic review of PubMed/Medline and the Cochrane library, in February 2018, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for the Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses Statement. Identified reports were reviewed according to the previously defined inclusion criteria. Eight publications, comprising a total of 985 urology residents, were selected for inclusion in this analysis. Results: There was a wide variation between training programs in terms of exposure to laparoscopy. Most residents considered that training in lap-aroscopy was inadequate during residency and had a low degree of confidence in independently performing laparo-scopic procedures by the end of the residency. Only North American residents reported high degrees of confidence in the possibility of performing laparoscopic procedures in the uture, whereas the remaining residents, namely from European countries, reported considerably lower degrees of confidence. Conclusion: There were considerable differences between national urology residency programs in terms of exposure to laparoscopy. Most residents would prefer higher exposure to laparoscopy throughout their residencies.

RESUMOIntrodução: A doença de Peyronie, uma doença fibrótica da túnica albuginea do pénis tem estado associada a encurtamento peniano e a algum grau de disfunção eréctil. Afeta a qualidade de vida do doente, levando a stress psicológico, mental e físico. A deformidade peniana perturba a vida sexual do doente, levando a episódios de depressão, disfunções sexuais e a ansiedade associada ao ato sexual. A etiologia da doença de Peyronie permanece por esclarecer. Material e Métodos: A pesquisa na literatura foi efetuada nas bases de dados da Medline, Embase e Cochrane no mês de Janeiro de 2015 no sentido de identificar artigos relacionados com a doença de Peyronie, nomeadamente o tratamento cirúrgico, técnicas, resultados bem como tratamentos complementares. Publicações que não envolvessem humanos não foram consideradas. Identificámos artigos originais, artigos de revisão e editoriais acerca do assunto em questão. Todos os artigos publicados na língua inglesa foram selecionados para screening. Os critérios de elegibilidade para inclusão envolveram a relevância associada ao tema. Resultados: Existe uma variedade de deformidades penianas associada com a doença de Peyronie que ainda não têm uma solução não cirúrgica que seja eficaz. Apresentamos uma atualização das técnicas cirúrgicas atuais bem como o algoritmo de tratamento associada a esta doença. Discussão: Todos os tratamentos cirúrgicos têm como objetivo a correção da curvatura, a preservação da função eréctil e do comprimento peniano, bem como o de minimizar a morbilidade. Conclusão: Até à data não existem estudos de medicina baseada na evidência que determinem o melhor tratamento cirúrgico para a doença de Peyronie. Após o diagnóstico, a reconstrução cirúrgica deve ter como objetivo um pénis funcional, com uma retificação da sua curvatura que permita o acto sexual. Palavras-chave: Induração Peniana; Pénis/cirurgia; Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Urológicos Masculinos; Prótese de Pénis. ABSTRACT Introduction:Peyronie's disease, a fibrotic disorder of the tunica albuginea of the penis, has been associated with penile shortening and some degree of erectile dysfunction. It affects patient's quality of life, leading to severe psychological, mental, and physical stress. Penile deformation hampers sexual life leading to depression, lack of sexual confidence, loss of sexual function and performance anxiety. Peyronie's disease etiology is yet to be known. Material and Methods: Literature search was conducted in Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases in January 2015 in order to identify papers related to Peyronie's disease, concerning evolving surgical management, technique, outcomes as well as ancillary treatments. Publications not concerning humans were not considered. We identified original articles, review articles, and editorials addressing the subject. All articles published in the English language were selected for screening. The eligibility criteria for inclusion were based on relevance concerning the subject. Results:The variety of penile deformities associated with P...

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