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Cuidado humanizado: un desafio para las enfermeras en los servicios hospitalariosHumanized care: a challenge for nursing in the hospitals services Margarita Poblete Troncoso 1 , Sandra Valenzuela Suazo 2 RESUMENEl presente artículo es un análisis crítico de la influencia institucional en el trabajo de las enfermeras de los servicios de salud pública en Latinoamérica y como este afecta la visión humanista del cuidado. Un factor influyente son los sistemas institucionales impregnados del modelo biomédico donde las enfermeras realizan su trabajo lo que la ha llevado a una sobrecarga de trabajo y pérdida de su autonomía. Por otro parte, los usuarios valoran más los aspectos del cuidado que tienen relación con la comunicación, el afecto y la atención que se le presta dentro de las instituciones hospitalarias. Cuan importante es entonces que las enfermeras otorguen cuidados centrados en los usuarios y que los cuidados humanizados se integren a la praxis para mejorar la calidad de la atención en los servicios de salud. Descriptores: Humanización de la atención; Hospitales; Atención de enfermería ABSTRACTThis article is a critical analysis of the institutional influence of nurses' work on public health care systems in Latin America, and on how this influence affects the humanistic view of nursing care. An important factor to be considered is that institutional health systems, where nurses work, are impregnated with the biomedical care model. The latter has led to a higher workload for nurses as well as loss of professional autonomy. On the other hand, users appreciate the aspects of healthcare associated with communication, affection, and the care they receive in the hospitals. Hence, it is crucial that nurses provide user-centered care. Moreover, humanized care should be incorporated to nursing practice in order to enhance the quality of public health care systems. Keywords: Health care humanization; Hospitals; Nursing care RESUMO O presente artigo é uma análise crítica da influencia institucional do trabalho das enfermeiras nos serviços publico de saúde na América Latina e como este afeta a visão humanista do cuidado. Um importante fator é que os sistemas institucionais, onde as enfermeiras realizam seu trabalho, estão impregnados pelo modelo biomédico, que conduziu a uma sobrecarga de trabalho acompanhada pela perda da sua autonomia profissional. Entretanto, os usuários valorizam mais os aspectos do cuidado relacionados com a forma de comunicação, afeto e a assistência que lhes é prestada dentro das instituições hospitalares. É de suma importância então, que as enfermeiras outorguem cuidados centralizados nos usuários e que os cuidados humanizados se integrem na pratica, para melhorar a qualidade da assistência nos serviços de saúde.

The IUCN Green List of Protected and Conserved Areas is the first global sustainability standard describing best practice for area-based conservation. The standard is organised around four components-Good Governance, Sound Design and Planning, Effective Management and Successful Conservation Outcomes-subdivided into 17 criteria and 50 indicators. IUCN manages a 'Green List' of protected and conserved areas through a certification process that examines evidence assembled by site managers against each of the criteria and indicators. The assessment of evidence is carried out by an independent group of experts in the governance and management of protected and conserved areas, overseen by an independent reviewer to ensure that proper processes and appropriate evidence are used in the assessment. The objective of the IUCN Green List programme is to increase the number of protected and conserved areas around the world that deliver successful conservation outcomes through good governance, sound design and effective and equitable management. The IUCN Green List programme is currently operating in 40 countries and by August 2019, 46 sites in 14 countries had been awarded the Green List status. There are a further 400+ protected and conserved areas engaged in the process. The challenge remains to scale up the Green List programme to the point where it is truly global in operation and able to provide both a stimulus and a metric for effective conservation.

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Objective:determine the prevalence of Effective Universal Coverage of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 in Chile and its relation with the variables: Health Care Coverage of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2; Average of diabetics with metabolic control in 2011-2013; Mortality Rate for Diabetes Mellitus; and Percentage of nurses participating in the Cardiovascular Health Program. Method:cross-sectional descriptive study with ecological components that uses documentary sources of the Ministry of Health. It was established that there is correlation between the Universal Effective Coverage of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 and the independent variables; it was applied the Pearson Coefficient, being significant at the 0.05 level. Results:in Chile Universal Health Care Coverage of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (HbA1c<7% estimated population) is less than 20%; this is related with Mortality Rate for Diabetes Mellitus and Percentage of nurses participating in the Cardiovascular Health Program, being significant at the 0.01 level. Conclusion:effective prevalence of Universal Health Coverage of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 is low, even though some regions stand out in this research and in the metabolic control of patients who participate in health control program; its relation with percentage of nurses participating in the Cardiovascular Health Program represents a challenge and an opportunity for the health system.

RESUMENObjetivo: Determinar los comportamientos del cuidado percibido por estudiantes de último año de la carrera y la congruencia con la percepción de los mismos, por los usuarios receptores del cuidado. Material y método: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, realizado el año 2012 en estudiantes de Enfermería de Internado y receptores del cuidado de éstos, de tres instituciones de formación universitaria, comuna de Concepción, Chile. Muestra conformada por 96 internas/os y 96 receptores del cuidado. Se utilizó el Cuestionario CBI de Zane Wolf, basado en la Teoría del cuidado humano de Jean Watson, versiones estudiante y usuario. Resultados: Los estudiantes presentan edades entre 21 y 33 años, cursaron entre 8 y 6 años antes de alcanzar el 5° nivel. Los estudiantes de las universidades 2 y 3 desarrollaron práctica en servicios generales, en tanto los de la universidad 1 lo hicieron en unidades de especialidad. El promedio de edad de los usuarios fue de 54,6 años. En relación a los comportamientos del cuidado brindado, referidos por internos para las dimensiones 1, 2 y 5, existió una sobreestimación de percepción de los estudiantes acerca del cuidado brindado, por sobre la percepción referida por usuarios. En la dimensión 4, "conocimiento y destreza profesional", los estudiantes de las universidades 2 y 3 subestiman sus comportamientos de cuidado respecto a lo percibido por usuarios. Conclusión: Los usuarios estarían en condiciones de evaluar asertivamente comportamientos del cuidado humanizado en dimensiones 1, 2, 3 y 5, y no así, el conocimiento y destreza profesional de la dimensión 4. Palabras clave:Comportamientos del cuidado, estudiantes de enfermería, cuidado de enfermería. ABSTRACTObjective: To analyze nursing students and care receiver's perceptions of caring behavior. Method: Descriptive study carried out in 2012, on nursing students' internship and care receivers from three institutions of higher education located in Concepción, Chile. Data were collected from a sample of 96 interns and 96 care receivers. Caring Behaviours Inventory (CBI) developed by Zane Wolf and based on the theory of human caring proposed by Jean Watson, was used in a version for students and another of users. Results: Students aged 21 to 33 years who studied between 8 and 6 years before reaching the fifth level. Students from the university 2 and 3 performed a * Enfermera. Docente Universidad San Sebastián.

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