Results: Waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and US-determined visceral fat values showed the best correlation coefficients with visceral fat determined by CT (r ϭ 0.55, 0.54, and 0.71, respectively; p Ͻ 0.01). Fat mass determined by DXA was inversely correlated with visceralto-subcutaneous-fat ratio (r ϭ Ϫ0.47, p Ͻ 0.01). Bioimpedance-determined fat mass and skinfolds were correlated with only subcutaneous abdominal fat quantified by CT. Linear regression indicated US visceral-fat distance and WHR as the main predictors of CT-determined visceral fat (adjusted r 2 ϭ 0.51, p Ͻ 0.01). A waist measurement of 107 cm (82.7% specificity, 60.6% sensitivity) and WHR of 0.97 (78.8% specificity, 63.8% sensitivity) were chosen as discriminator values corresponding with visceral obesity diagnosed by CT. A value of 6.90 cm for visceral fat USdetermined diagnosed visceral obesity with a specificity of 82.8%, a sensitivity of 69.2%, and a diagnostic concordance of 74% with CT.Discussion: US seemed to be the best alternative method for the assessment of intra-abdominal fat in obese women. Its diagnostic value could be optimized by an anthropometric measurement. Prospective studies are needed to establish CT and US cutoffs for defining visceral-fat levels related to elevated cardiovascular risk.
Our data reinforce the association between obesity and high cardiovascular risk. In addition, our findings suggested a role for body fat distribution in the development of hypertension in obese patients.
The revised version of the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index is an indicator of dietary quality developed according to current nutritional recommendations. Dietary data were obtained from a population-based survey, the 2003 Inquérito de Saúde e Alimentação (ISA -Health and Diet Survey)-Capital. The Revised Index consists of 12 components: nine food groups included in the 2006 Brazilian Dietary Guidelines, in which daily portions are expressed in terms of energy density; two nutrients (sodium and saturated fats), and SoFAAS (calories from solid fat, alcohol and added sugar). The Revised Brazilian Healthy Eating Index allows for the measurement of dietary risk factors for chronic diseases, evaluating and monitoring the diet at both individual and population levels.
The frequency of systemic arterial hypertension was estimated in 54,369 adults, stratifi ed by sex, geographic region, socio-demographic and behavioral variables and self-reported morbidities. Crude odds ratios of hypertension were calculated, as well as odds ratios adjusted for the study's variables.
RESULTS:The frequency of self-reported hypertension was 21.6%. It was higher among women (24.4% versus 18.4%), lower in the North and CentralWest regions and higher in the Southeast region. The frequency of hypertension increased with age, decreased with level of schooling, was higher among blacks and widowed subjects, and lower among singles. The chance of hypertension, adjusted for confounding variables, was higher in subjects with overweight, diabetes, dyslipidemia and cardiovascular events.
CONCLUSIONS:Around one fi fth of the population reported suffering from systemic arterial hypertension. The high frequencies of modifi able risk factors indicate the population segments on which intervention should be targeted, aiming to prevent and control hypertension.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.