This article reports the findings of a 3-year epidemiological survey for dementia in an urban community-resident population in Mumbai (Bombay), India, wherein the prevalence of all types of dementia was determined. Method: The study was conducted in three stages. Stage 1: From a potential pool of 30,000 subjects aged 40 years or more, 24,488 (male = 11,875; female = 12,613) persons completed self-report or interviewer-rated protocols based on the Sandoz Clinical Assessment Geriatric Scale, but 5,512 (18.37%) persons refused to participate. Scores on the protocol had a possible range from 0 through 34. Stage 2: Persons with a score +2SD above the mean were selected in this stage where the persons were screened for cognitive functioning using a modified and translated version of the Mini-Mental State Examination. Individuals who scored below the 5th percentile were included in Stage 3 and underwent a detailed neurological, psychiatric, and neuropsychological evaluation as well as hematological, radiological, electrocardiographic, and electroencephalographic investigations. Diagnoses were made jointly by a neurologist, psychiatrist, and psychologist using the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria. Subjects were also rated on the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scale and assessed for activities of daily living. Results: One hundred five subjects with dementia (CDR ≥ 0.5) were identified in this population of 24,488 persons. The prevalence rate for dementia in those aged 40 years and more was 0.43% and for persons aged 65 and above was 2.44%. Seventy-eight individuals had a CDR of ≥ 1 yielding an overall prevalence rate of 0.32%, and a prevalence rate of 1.81% for those aged 65 years and older. The overall prevalence rate for Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the population was 0.25%, and 1.5% for those aged 65 years and above. AD (n = 62;65%) was the most common cause of dementia followed by vascular dementia (n = 23;22%). There were more women (n = 38) than men (n = 24) in the AD group. Increasing age was associated with a higher prevalence of the dementia syndrome in general as well as AD specifically. Conclusion: In the population surveyed, the prevalence of AD and other dementias is less than that reported from developed countries but similar to results of other studies in India. Prevalence of the dementia syndrome increased with age and was not related to gender. AD was the most common dementia and the prevalence was higher in women than in men. Results are discussed with respect to shorter life expectancy, relocation of affected persons, and differences in the risk factors as compared to developed countries.

Background:  High rates of psychopathology have been noted in children presenting to GP surgeries and paediatricians. However, paediatricians do not always recognise this and when they do the Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service (CAMHS) is often unable to meet their consultation needs. Method:  This postal survey looked at paediatricians’ perception of the need for child psychiatry consultation in the West Midlands. Results:  The survey confirmed that paediatricians see a significant proportion of children with mental health problems and the findings showed that their need for child psychiatry consultation was not being adequately met. Lack of access to CAMHS was a significant issue. Conclusions:  This has implications not only for further development of consultation services within CAMHS but also for improving training in child psychiatry for paediatricians in a more formalised way.

Economic empowerment is the ability to make and act on decisions that involve the control over and allocation of financial resources (Golla et al., 2011). Entrepreneurship is the ability to create and build something from practically nothing (Jaffrey.A.Timmons) Entrepreneurship is generally considered as a means to economic empowerment of masses. It is also a solution to the two major problems faced by developing countries i.e unemployment and underemployment. Unemployment is a condition where people remain jobless without income for continuous period of time. Underemployment is a condition where people are forced to work in low paying or low skill jobs. Entrepreneurship can sufficiently tackle these two issues. It has a wider scope in the sense that it creates a lot of employment opportunities, provides flexibility and independence, opportunity to make a difference and an opportunity to contribute to the society. Taking into account the condition of marginalized people in Kerala, one of the major problems faced by them are financial constraints. When fisherfolk community is considered, their income is purely seasonal in nature. Off seasons can be overcome through logical exploration and application of entrepreneurial initiatives. This paper attempts to examine the ways in which entrepreneurship can be applied in the fisheries sector in Kerala.

Climate change does not respect national boundaries or distinguish between big and small polluters. It is one of the truly global problems humanity faces today. In spite of this, there is a reluctance to believe in the existence of climate change even though the scientific consensus is that human influence bears much of the responsibility. In less than 200 years, human activity has increased the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases by some 50 percent relative to pre-industrial levels, leading to an increase in global temperatures. 1 Yet contrarian perspectives abound, given prominence by the media and promoted by fossil fuel lobbies. One such example is Dennis Avery and Fred Singer’s Unstoppable Global Warming: Every 1,500 Years, a book whose premise is that “human-emitted CO2 has played only a minor role” in contributing to climate change.

Housing facilities of marginalized communities are always a matter of concern to the authorities. Therefore, government come up with and implement social security projects for such vulnerable groups. One such project of the Kerala government is the PUNARGEHAM project. It is a project which aims at permanent rehabilitation of families living in the coastline of Kerala. It was considered as a solution to the reeling problem of coastal erosion in the state. This paper attempts to find out the impact of PUNARGEHAM project on the fisher folk community in the selected villages of Alappuzha. This is a descriptive study where 60 samples are collected through simple random sampling method and primary data is collected through structured interview schedule. The study will have practical implications on the execution of PUNARGEHAM project and will contribute to the literature.