Introdução: A epidemia da AIDS passou por diversas transformações e, nos últimos anos, observa-se aumento de casos de HIV/AIDS entre adolescentes e jovens. Assim, é fundamental conhecer essa população para embasar cientificamente as ações em saúde. Objetivo: analisar o perfil epidemiológico de adolescentes que vivem com HIV/AIDS no Estado do Espírito Santo, Brasil. Método: estudo descritivo, seccional, no qual foram analisadas notificações de HIV/AIDS entre adolescentes de 13 a 19 anos, entre 2010 e 2020. Resultados: foram encontrados 523 adolescentes vivendo com HIV/AIDS no período analisado (média de 47 casos/ano). Prevaleceu os adolescentes do sexo masculino (68,8%), com mais de 16 anos (média=18,0 anos), de raça/cor parda (54,6%), residentes na região metropolitana, próxima a capital. Foi observado que a escolaridade do sexo feminino é menor, estando 47,2% delas no ensino fundamental, enquanto 45,0% dos rapazes já estão no ensino médio. Em grande parte dos casos a infecção ocorreu via sexual, sendo, entre os homens, através de relações homossexuais (55,0%) e entre as mulheres por meio de relações heterossexuais (82,2%). A carga viral de HIV foi detectável em quase totalidade (84,8%) dos casos e 11 (6,8%) destes adolescentes evoluíram para óbito. Conclusão: O perfil epidemiológico dos casos de HIV e AIDS, entre os adolescentes, no Estado do Espírito Santo, demonstra maior frequência de casos no sexo masculino, na faixa etária de 16 a 19 anos, com ensino médio incompleto, que adquiriram HIV por via sexual desprotegida, em relações homossexuais. Destaca-se a alta porcentagem de jovens com carga viral detectável e os óbitos em decorrência de complicações da AIDS.
IntroductionMother-to-child transmission (MTCT) is the main mode of acquisition of HIV-1 among young children worldwide. In Brazil, the southeast region is the geographical area that reports the majority of MTCT cases. The goals of this study were to estimate the rate of HIV MTCT and to identify factors associated with MTCT in Espírito Santo State, in southeast Brazil.MethodsThis study was a review of the data from the Brazilian National Information on Reportable Diseases System (SINAN) for HIV-infected pregnant women and for AIDS among children under 13 years old. The study population was comprised of all HIV-infected pregnant women reported to SINAN in the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2012.ResultsA total of 470 women were included in the study. The proportion of MTCT during this period was 14.0% (95% CI 10.9–17.0). In a multivariable logistic regression model incorporating the significant covariates identified in bivariate analyses, women who had less than primary school education had increased odds of MTCT (OR=2.64; 95% CI 1.34–5.22) compared to women with more than primary school education. Emergency caesarean delivery was associated with increased odds of MTCT (OR=4.40; 95% CI 1.12–17.08) compared to vaginal delivery. In addition, pregnant women who did not receive ART during prenatal care had higher odds of MTCT (OR=2.21; 95% CI 1.10–4.47) compared to pregnant women who received ART during prenatal care.ConclusionHealth information systems can provide the basis for monitoring and analysing the health situation in municipalities and states, with a view towards health planning and management. This study identified a high rate of HIV MTCT in Espírito Santo State and effort should be made to encourage health care workers and pregnant women to use MTCT prevention services. Support: University of California, San Francisco’s International Traineeships in AIDS Prevention Studies (ITAPS), U.S. NIMH, R25MH064712
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