Seventeen Indian folklore medicinal plants were investigated to evaluate antibacterial activity of aqueous, ethanol and acetone extracts against 66 multidrug resistant isolates of major urinary tract pathogens (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis) by disc diffusion method. Ethanol extract of Zingiber officinale and Punica granatum showed strong antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli. Ethanol extracts of Terminalia chebula and Ocimum sanctum exhibited antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae. Ethanol extract of Cinnamomum cassia showed maximum antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa while ethanol extract of Azadirachta indica and Ocimum sanctum exhibited antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis. The results support the folkloric use of these plants in the treatment of urinary tract infections by the tribals of Mahakoshal region of central India.
The novel copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) were synthesized using aqueous leaf extract of Ageratum houstonianum Mill. (AHLE). The green synthesized AH-CuNPs have a useful dye degradation property in the existence of daylight. The photocatalytic activity of AH-CuNPs was evaluated against an azo dye congo red (CR), whereas, same NPs displayed no effect on other dyes. The CR was completely degraded within 2 h, and the reaction rate was followed by pseudo-first-order kinetics, and the rate constant was recorded 3.1× 10 −4 s −1 , (R2=0.9359). Antibacterial activity of green synthesized AH-CuNPs was studied against gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli (MTCC no. 40), and a significant growth inhibition was recorded with 12.43±0.233 mm zone of inhibition. The AH-CuNPs were characterized through UV-visible spectroscopy, XRD, SEM, FT-IR, TEM, and zeta particle size analyzer. Ageratum houstonianum mediated green synthesized copper nanoparticles (AH-CuNPs) were cubic, hexagonal, and rectangular in shape, with average size of ∼80 nm. The optical band gap was 4.5 eV, which was investigated using UV-visible spectroscopy, and the band gap value revealed that AH-CuNPs were semiconductor materials. Abbreviations Cu Copper CuNPsCopper nanoparticles CuCl 2 Copper chloride AH Ageratum houstonianum AHLE Ageratum houstonianum leaf extract AgNPs Silver nanoparticles AH-AgNPs Ageratum houstonianum mediated bio-fabricated silver nanoparticles UV-vis UV-visible spectrophotometer FTIR Fourier transform infrared spectrum SEM Scanning electron microscopy TEM Transmission electron microscopy XRD X-ray diffraction Min. Minutes Hrs Hours MB Methylene blue MO Methyl orange Rh-B Rhodamine-B CR Congo red DDW Double distilled water 1. Introduction In recent years, metallic nanoparticles (NPs) have drawn the attention of researchers due to their significant applications in the field of material science, life science, agriculture, and pharmaceutics [1-3]. The amalgamation of biological technique with metal NPs has generated a new area of nanomedicine [4]. The unique characters of NPs like, high yield strength, high surface-to-volume ratio, rigidity, flexibility, specific magnetization, and quantum size are remarkable and contrary to bulk materials with the same chemical composition [5]. Among the metal NPs, copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) have maintained to attain public interest due to its high electrical conductivity, low electrochemical migration, magnificent solderability, high melting point [6], optical, and catalytic properties [7], being used in sensors [8], solar cells [9], information storage [10], heat transfer systems [11], textiles [12], water treatment [13], and antimicrobial coating material in surgical tools [14]. In addition, the synthesis of CuNPs is cheaper when compared to other noble metal NPs of platinum (Pt), silver (Ag), and gold (Au). Various physicochemical methods are used for the synthesis of NPs, which include thermal decomposition [15], electrochemical reduction [16], vapor deposition [17], microwave irradiation [18], so...
Green nanotechnology is gaining widespread interest owing to the elimination of harmful reagents and offers a cost-effective synthesis of expected products. In the present study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized from Ageratum conyzoides leaf extract (ACLE). UV-visible spectrophotometry showing a characteristic SPR peak at 443 nm verified the phytosynthesis of AC-AgNPs. The FTIR spectrum was examined to identify the efficient functional molecules responsible for the reduction of Ag + to metallic silver (Ag 0 ). SEM, TEM and XRD illustrated the formation of crystalline and spherical NPs with a size range of 14-48 nm. EDX data showed the presence of elemental silver with an energy peak at 3 eV. CT-DNA interaction with AC-AgNPs was investigated and the UV absorption spectra revealed a bathochromic effect indicating groove binding. AC-AgNPs showed a strong antioxidant property in a concentrationdependent manner when analyzed by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assay. AC-AgNPs were investigated as a SPR-based H 2 O 2 sensor, which can provide promising opportunities in medical and environmental fields to detect reactive oxygen species such as H 2 O 2 . The catalytic effectiveness of phytosynthesized NPs was also examined within 2 h of exposure for methylene blue degradation under sunlight. There is thus a reasonable potential application of green synthesized AC-AgNPs for the degradation of hazardous synthetic dyes.
For decades, silver has been used as a non-toxic inorganic antimicrobial agent. Silver has a lot of potential in a variety of biological/chemical applications, particularly in the form of nanoparticles (NPs). Eco-friendly synthesis approach for NPs are becoming more common in nanobiotechnology, and the demand for biological synthesis methods is growing, with the goal of eliminating hazardous and polluting agents. Cultures of bacteria, fungi, and algae, plant extracts, and other biomaterials are commonly used for NP synthesis in the ‘green synthesis’ process. Plant-based green synthesis is a simple, fast, dependable, cost-effective, environmentally sustainable, and one-step method that has a significant advantage over microbial synthesis due to the lengthy process of microbial isolation and pure culture maintenance. In this report, we focussed on phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and their characterization using various techniques such as spectroscopy (UV–vis, FTIR), microscopy (TEM, SEM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), and other particle analysis. The potential applications of AgNPs in a variety of biological and chemical fields are discussed.
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