Cow is cited as Aditi (Mother of all Gods) in Ancient Hindi texts. In Artharaveda, Cow is said as adobe of 33Cr Hindu deities. Cow Urine (CU); the liquid metabolic excretion of Cow, is treated as sacred and pious in India. CU has diversified uses. It is used in raw and refined forms. Research reveals that CU distillate (CUD) is even more effective in therapeutic applications. CUD; Gomutra Ark or Kamdhenu Ark, was used since ancient times in Indian, Chinese and Egyptian civilizations. CU is also used in Myanmaar, Nepal, Nigeria and Zimbabwe as curator [1,2]. Variants of CU are also sold in departmental stores in America, Britain, Canada, Germany and India. Several Cow Urine Concoctions (CUC) serve as curative agents against deadly ailments. Being easily available, having long shelf life and economically cheaper; Gomutra variants are now becoming alternative medicines against innumerable diseases [3-6]. Biochemical composition of CU makes it perfect supplement against various disorders. CU of milking Cow contains 95% Water, 2.5% Urea and 2.5% Enzymes, Hormones, Minerals and Salts. pH of fresh CU ranges from 7.27 to 8.74. CU from a healthy Cow is pale yellow colored. Traces of Gold are found in CU of Gir Cows. Gold ions are generated when blood vessels of Cow hump comes in contact with sunrays. On an average about 18 Lit/Day of CU can be collected from an Indian Cow. Branded CUD can be easily obtained @ of Rs 250/500 ml in India. Advances on Gomutra are so prominent that America granted US Patent No: 6410059 and No: 6896907 for the medicinal ability of CU, especially as Anticancer, Antifungal, Antibiotic and Bioenhancer agent [16]. Present text is an overview of applications of Gomutra, particularly therapeutic applications.
Polymers have become essential part of life. One can’t think of life without polymers, reason being their innumerable physical and engineering characteristics. Most prominent quality of polymers is their low cost and durability.However, seize to strength ratio of polymers is large as compared to metals. Heat capacity of polymers is also less. Structural strength of polymers is also poor which make them unsuitable for heavy structures. Above all polymer are non biodegradables they may persist in environment for centuries. Due to this disability many countries have imposed restrictions on their use. Low price, long life and readiness to adopt any shape has made polymers invulnerable. Non bio degradability of synthetic polymers shifted the quilt towards the invention of biopolymers. Scientists found the solution in biopolymers. They can be biosynthesized by living organisms or chemically synthesized from biological matter. The biopolymers are natural polymers formed by living organisms. Biopolymers are monomeric units which are bound covalently to form large molecules. Unlike polymers the biopolymers are biodegradable which decompose in bio-products with time after the expiry of intended purpose. Mainly there are three classes of biodegradable polymers namely polysaccharides, polypeptides and poly nucleotides Biopolymers mostly find applications in manufacturing, packaging, biomedical engineering and food industry. Difference between natural and synthetic polymers is discussed. Advantages of biopolymers over polymers are compared. Present study enlists brief overview of biopolymers. Keywords: Polymers, Biopolymers, Biodegradable Abbreviations: PVC, PVDF, Tg, DNA, RNA
Modern day Universities/ Degree Colleges/ Higher Education Institutes have made SC as mandatory curriculum for those pursuing UG/ PG degrees. SCR necessitates presentation for course credit. Seminar is evaluated by jury of experts. Clinical formulations of CDC Zoology (PG) students were studied in context with factors influencing student's performance in SCR presentation. Parameters like behavior, presentation, communication skills and viva-voce were monitored. Clinical psychology of 193 CDC students were studied over a period of 10 years in batches. The excellent performance in presentation of 50% students of 2014 batch was due to guide's involvement. SCR of 2 students of 2018 is referred as benchmark documents in CDC. Overall 44% shew good communication skills and 25% students shew excellent communication skills during seminar presentation. Study found semi forward correlation between poor performance in presentation and viva-voce. Overall 19 students gave poor presentation and 11 students performed poorly in question-answer session. Guides were suggested to arrange mock SCR presentation to counter EP disorder. Test period witnessed 8 students suffering from exams phobic disorder. Few students complained about forgetfulness after the presentation. Performance of all the students of 2020 batch who presented online webinar was VG on Fruition scale. Demography analysis was not done due to insignificant strength of male students. Male to Female ratio of CDC in Zoology (PG) is below 1:10. Present study found that performance of HEI student in presentation of SCR is directly proportional to guidance, presentation, communication skill, viva-voce, hard work and confidence, interest and grasping, and time management. Whereas the same has inversely proportional functional relationship with EP, forgetfulness, temporary hearing, attention loss disorders and family woes. A new concept of HEI - Community Engagement is introduced with an objective to make the research understandable to the remotest individual entity of community. Instead of focusing on complex available techniques of analyzing students performance in presentation of seminar, a simplified basic clinical formulation for CDC students involving psychological factors is studied without the help of statistical tools
Various academic programs are run in degree colleges. Students select a program for award of certificate/diploma/degree. Degree colleges are affiliated either to state or central university. Certain minimum marks or grade is necessarily required to obtain for the award of degree which depends upon the performance of degree college students in internal/external examination. To appear in examination a bare minimum attendance is required by the student. Students having attendance below threshold mark are not permitted to appear in evaluation tests. Threshold attendance (Tatt) may vary from college to college or affiliated universities. Generally Tatt vary from 60-85 %. Some degree colleges allow grace in Tatt to students on medical grounds. [1-3] Covid pandemic emerged with new style of teaching i.e online classes. Students are not required to appear in degree college or attend classes. Instead students login their computers/laptops/mobiles for learning. Previous system is now called offline and new system is called online. Whichever was the system the students use to attend regular classes to gain subjective or practical knowledge through teacher-student interaction. However data collected from 277 students of 2019 undergraduate (UG) batch of Chinmaya Degree College Haridwar (CDC) revealed that attendance of students both in offline and online classes declined after post Covid time. Paper discuss the reasons for declining attendance and ways to improve attendance of students in a degree college. [4-6] Key Words : Attendance, Pandemic, Offline, Online, Threshold attendance
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