Distance-based charging, Design and evaluation of road user charging, National road user charging, Network impacts of road charging,

Purpose This paper aims to address the conceptual and practical challenges in integrating triple bottom line (TBL) sustainability in the agriculture supply chain (ASC). It identifies the key enablers for each of the three dimensions of TBL sustainability, analyses their causal relationships as well as cross-dimensional interactions under each TBL dimension. Further, it develops a decision support framework (DSF) for the assessment of TBL sustainability practices and policies in ASC and validates it through a case study. Design/methodology/approach An interpretive structure modelling (ISM) methodology is deployed to establish the interrelationships among all TBL enablers and to identify the enablers with high driving power on sustainable ASC. Brainstorming by a group of experts was used to identify the relevant enables. Finally, a DSF was developed as a resultant of ISM. Findings The paper provides a set of enablers with high driving power that can significantly influence the sustainability practices and policies in ASC. The social enablers directly help to enhance the effect of economic enablers and collectively these enhance the effect of environmental enablers. If agriculture firms and supply chains design innovative policies and develop practices based on these enablers, they can achieve sustainable ASC. Consequently, the living standards of the people directly or indirectly associated with the agriculture firm or supply chain can be improved without compromising on economic performance. Research limitations/implications The paper consolidates the fragmented knowledge of sustainable supply chain management in the agriculture sector and suggests a DSF to policymakers, managers and practitioners for assessing TBL sustainability practices and policies. The DSF has wide applicability in other sectors of production and operations management as these sectors also face the challenge of achieving TBL sustainability across their supply chain. Practical implications The DSF, developed in the paper, is a useful tool for practitioners to frame and analyse sustainability initiatives and policies for ASC. A firm or supply chain may achieve TBL sustainability if it succeeds in uplifting the social status of its stakeholders. Social implications It is a first step towards addressing the practical challenge of integrating sustainability in the agriculture sector of emerging economies and provides a path to improve the livelihood of people in the agriculture sector. Stakeholder engagement with a focus on collaboration and awareness may lead to the desired social and environmental consequences. Potential adverse social effects also need to be considered. Originality/value This paper focusses on the so far rather neglected but essential aspect of integrating TBL sustainability in the agriculture sector of emerging economies. The hierarchal representation and classification of the TBL sustainability enablers of sustainability is a unique effort in the field of ASC. Development of DSF is one of the first attempts to create a mapping between various enablers of TBL sustainability. The novelty of the study lies in the sector-specific, holistic evaluation of TBL sustainability policy measures that may lead to improvements in practice.

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An efficient automotive security system is implemented for anti-theft using an embedded system integrated with Global Positioning System (GPS) and Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM. System presented has Two types of tracking, one is online tracking with GPS system can only receive the vehicle location information from satellites and other is offline tracking. GSM system is installed in the vehicle for sending the information to the owner of the vehicle. The preventive measures like engine ignition cutoff is installed in the vehicle which is controlled using user or owner GSM mobile. The owner can lock or unlock his/her vehicle with the help of SMS. The system is implemented on general purpose printed circuit board (PCB) Using Arduino.

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In recent years, the surface water quality has been observed deteriorating due to industrial activities and pollution in the Punjab state. Evaluation of surface water quality is an important issue to assure from its safe and stable use. However, describing quality conditions is generally difficult considering spatial variability of pollutants and a wide range of indicators like biological, physical and chemical substances which can be measured. This paper includes the study of surface water quality parameters in the northern Punjab region. Samples from different sources across northern Punjab were analysed for pH, TDS, TSS, turbidity, DO, chloride content, iron content and hardness of surface water. The pH, TDS, TSS, turbidity, DO, chloride content, iron content and hardness were found in the range of 6.7-8.7, 1358.00-1430.60 mg/l, 135.10-141.21 mg/l, 0.001-0.62 NTU, 0.96-7.80 mg/l, 0.80-15.56 mg/l, 0.01-0.02 mg/l and 1.2-13.9 mg/l respectively. The obtained results were compared with the acceptance limits as given by Indian standard code IS: 10500-2012. The high values of water quality parameters obtained as a result of this study indicates the level of pollution of the different sources of surface water of northern Punjab. At the end the obtained results were critically examined and suggestions were made for better management of surface water resources. An efficient transportation system is vital to economic development and a sustainable environment in a country. India's road transportation contributes to approximately 5.4% of the GDP carrying 65% of freight traffic and 85% of passenger traffic. India's fuel imports are growing at an average of 18% annually for which India spends 3.5% of GDP, thereby posing a major threat to the economy of the country in the future. Also, the use of such a high quantity of fuel causes vehicular pollution, which is responsible for fuel emission in urban areas. This study concentrates on carrying out an interdisciplinary work involving the sectors of transportation, energy, and environment considering the parameters like vehicle model split, fuel consumption and vehicular emissions. This is done by building, System Dynamics (SD) forecasting simulation models using STELLA software to mathematically forecast these parameters in the upcoming years until 2030. Hence, a scenario of augmenting the growth rate of public transportation and simultaneously restricting the growth rate of personalised transportation showed a substantial decrease in fuel consumption and fuel emissions, which eventually resulted in a reduction of fuel cost as well as an increase in the GDP in the transportation system for Chennai city